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作者：Wilder, Aryn P.; Shier, Debra M.; King, Shauna N. D.; Dudchenko, Olga; Funk, Erik R.; Misuraca, Ann; Houck, Marlys L.; Miller, William B.; Curry, Caitlin J.; Fronczek, Julie; Khan, Ruqayya; Weisz, David; Fisher, Robert N.; Aiden, Erez Lieberman; Ryder, Oliver A.; Steiner, Cynthia C.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Baylor College of Medicine; Rice University; United States Department of the Interior; US Fish & Wildlife Service; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Rice University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston
摘要：Two-thirds of Earth's species have undergone population declines, leaving many vulnerable to genomic erosion and inbreeding depression. Genetic rescue can boost the fitness of small populations, but perceived risks of outbreeding depression can limit its use. We quantified these trade-offs in hundreds of endangered Pacific pocket mice (Perognathus longimembris pacificus) by combining whole-genome sequences with fitness data. The impacts of genomic erosion in remnant populations were reversed i...
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作者：Deshaies, Raymond J.; Potts, Patrick Ryan
摘要：Biology is governed by macromolecular interactions, perturbation of which often lies at the heart of disease. Most therapeutic drugs, whether they are small molecules or biologics, exert their effects through impeding such interactions, whether they are of an enzyme with its substrate or a ligand with its receptor. Conversely, a handful of approved drugs and a larger number of candidates in development have the opposite effect: They either activate or inhibit a biological output by stabilizing...
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作者：Wood, Christian M.; Tizkar, Rana Banai; Fort, Martina; Zhang, Xinhu; Mulvihill, Kevin G.; Liao, Naixuan; Cockcroft, Gemma J.; McIver, Lauren B.; Sawiak, Stephen J.; Roberts, Angela C.
作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Aix-Marseille Universite; Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille
摘要：The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is a higher-order brain structure targeted for noninvasive stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. Nonetheless, its causal role in emotion regulation is unknown. We discovered that inactivating dlPFC area 46 in marmosets blunts appetitive motivation and heightens threat reactivity. The effects were asymmetric-dependent on the left hemisphere only-and were mediated through projections to pregenual cingulate area 32. The antidepressant ketamine ...
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作者：Yang, Haoxiang; Xun, Jinrui; Li, Yajuan; Mondal, Awishi; Lv, Bo; Watkins, Simon C.; Shi, Lingyan; Tan, Jay Xiaojun
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：Lysosomal vacuolation is commonly found in many pathophysiological conditions, but its molecular mechanisms and functions remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored lipid transfer protein PDZ domain-containing 8 (PDZD8), which we propose to be renamed as lysosomal vacuolator (LYVAC), is a general mediator of lysosomal vacuolation. Using human cell lines, we found that diverse lysosomal vacuolation inducers converged on lysosomal osmotic stress, triggerin...
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作者：Clery, Daniel
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作者：Gazo, Martin; Karailiev, Andrey; Satoor, Tanish; Eigen, Christoph; Galka, Maciej; Hadzibabic, Zoran
作者单位：University of Cambridge; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg
摘要：Coarsening of an isolated far-from-equilibrium quantum system is a paradigmatic many-body phenomenon, relevant from subnuclear to cosmological length scales and predicted to feature universal dynamic scaling. Here, we observed universal scaling in the coarsening of a homogeneous two-dimensional Bose gas, with exponents that match analytical predictions. For different initial states, we reveal universal scaling in the experimentally accessible finite-time dynamics by elucidating and accounting ...
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作者：Grimm, David
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作者：Ortega-Jimenez, Victor M.; Kim, Dongjin; Kumar, Sunny; Kim, Changhwan; Koh, Je-Sung; Bhamla, Saad
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Ajou University
摘要：Rhagovelia ripple bugs use specialized middle-leg fans with a flat-ribbon architecture to navigate the surfaces of fast-moving streams. We show that the fan's directional stiffness enables fast, passive elastocapillary morphing, independent of muscle input. This flat-ribbon fan balances collapsibility during leg recovery with rigidity during drag-based propulsion, enabling full-body 96 degrees turns in 50 milliseconds, with forward speeds of up to 120 body lengths per second-on par with fruit ...
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作者：Wang, Chen; Rish, Anthony D.; Armbruster, Emily G.; Xie, Jiale; Loveland, Anna B.; Shen, Zhangfei; Gu, Bradley; Korostelev, Andrei A.; Pogliano, Joe; Fu, Tian-Min
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Worcester; UMass Chan Medical School; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Worcester; UMass Chan Medical School; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Worcester; UMass Chan Medical School; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Retrons are antiphage defense systems that produce multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA) and hold promise for genome engineering. However, the mechanisms of defense remain unclear. The Retron-Septu system integrates retron and Septu antiphage defenses. Cryo-electron microscopy structures reveal asymmetric nucleoprotein complexes comprising a reverse transcriptase, msDNA (a hybrid of msdDNA and msrRNA), and two PtuAB copies. msdDNA and msrRNA are essential for assembling this complex, with msrR...
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作者：Yu, Qianhui; Kilik, Umut; Secchia, Stefano; Adam, Lukas; Tsai, Yu-Hwai; Fauci, Christiana; Janssens, Jasper; Childs, Charlie J.; Walton, Katherine D.; Lopez-Sandoval, Ruben; Wu, Angeline; Almato Bellavista, Marina; Huang, Sha; Steiner, Calen A.; Throm, Yannick; Boyle, Michael James; He, Zhisong; Beumer, Joep; Treutlein, Barbara; Lowe, Craig B.; Spence, Jason R.; Camp, J. Gray
作者单位：Roche Holding; University of Basel; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Duke University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Yale University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Diet, microbiota, and other exposures make the intestinal epithelium a nexus for evolutionary change; however, little is known about genomic changes associated with adaptation to a distinctly human environment. In this work, we interrogate the evolution of cell types in the developing human intestine by comparing tissue and organoids from humans, chimpanzees, and mice. We find that recent changes in primates are associated with immune barrier function and lipid and xenobiotic metabolism and th...
