Nature

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• Turbocharged 'killer' cells show promise for autoimmune disease AI翻译
  作者：Ledford, Heidi
• Why the global economy is more uncertain than ever, and what to do about it AI翻译
  作者：Lucey, Brian M.; Urquhart, Andrew; Vigne, Samuel A.
  作者单位：Trinity College Dublin; University of Birmingham; Luiss Guido Carli University
• Africa's chief diplomat for vaccine manufacturing AI翻译
  作者：Tsanni, Abdullahi
• Workouts can help gut microbes to quell cancer AI翻译
  作者：[Anonymous]
• Eighteen million years of diverse enamel proteomes from the East African Rift AI翻译
  作者：Green, Daniel R.; Uno, Kevin T.; Miller, Ellen R.; Feibel, Craig S.; Aoron, Eipa Emmanuel; Beck, Catherine C.; Grossman, Aryeh; Kirera, Francis M.; Kirinya, Martin M.; Leakey, Louise N.; Liutkus-Pierce, Cynthia; Manthi, Fredrick K.; Ndiema, Emmanuel K.; Nengo, Isaiah O.; Nyete, Cyprian; Rowan, John; Russo, Gabrielle A.; Sanders, William J.; Smiley, Tara M.; Princehouse, Patricia; Vitek, Natasha S.; Cleland, Timothy P.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Columbia University; Harvard University; Wake Forest University; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Hamilton College; Midwestern University; Midwestern University - Glendale; Mercer University; State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University; University of North Carolina; Appalachian State University; University of Cambridge; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; Smithsonian Institution
  摘要：Research into the palaeobiology of extinct taxa through ancient DNA and proteomics has been mostly limited to Plio-Pleistocene fossils1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8-9, due to molecular breakdown over time, which is exacerbated in tropical settings1, 2-3. Here we sample small proteomes from the interior enamel of fossils at palaeontological sites from the Pleistocene to the Oligocene in the Turkana Basin, Kenya, which has produced a rich record of Cenozoic mammalian evolution10. Through a mass-spectrom...
• Single-cell transcriptomic and chromatin dynamics of the human brain in PTSD AI翻译
  作者：Hwang, Ahyeon; Skarica, Mario; Xu, Siwei; Coudriet, Jensine; Lee, Che Yu; Lin, Lin; Terwilliger, Rosemarie; Sliby, Alexa-Nicole; Wang, Jiawei; Nguyen, Tuan; Li, Hongyu; Wu, Min; Dai, Yi; Duan, Ziheng; Srinivasan, Shushrruth Sai; Zhang, Xiangyu; Lin, Yingxin; Cruz, Dianne; Deans, P. J. Michael; Huber, Bertrand R.; Levey, Daniel; Glausier, Jill R.; Lewis, David A.; Gelernter, Joel; Holtzheimer, Paul E.; Friedman, Matthew J.; Gerstein, Mark; Sestan, Nenad; Brennand, Kristen J.; Xu, Ke; Zhao, Hongyu; Krystal, John H.; Young, Keith A.; Williamson, Douglas E.; Che, Alicia; Zhang, Jing; Girgenti, Matthew J.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Yale University; Yale University; Duke University; US Department of Veterans Affairs; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Dartmouth College; Yale University; Yale University; Yale University; Yale University; Yale University; Yale University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
  摘要：Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a polygenic disorder occurring after extreme trauma exposure. Recent studies have begun to detail the molecular biology of PTSD. However, given the array of PTSD-perturbed molecular pathways identified so far1, it is implausible that a single cell type is responsible. Here we profile the molecular responses in over two million nuclei from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 111 human brains, collected post-mortem from individuals with and without PTSD...
• A DNA-gated molecular guard controls bacterial Hailong anti-phage defence AI翻译
  作者：Tan, Joel M. J.; Melamed, Sarah; Cofsky, Joshua C.; Syangtan, Deepsing; Hobbs, Samuel J.; del Marmol, Josefina; Jost, Marco; Kruse, Andrew C.; Sorek, Rotem; Kranzusch, Philip J.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Weizmann Institute of Science; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
  摘要：Animal and bacterial cells use nucleotidyltransferase (NTase) enzymes to respond to viral infection and control major forms of immune signalling including cGAS-STING innate immunity and CBASS anti-phage defence1, 2, 3-4. Here we discover a family of bacterial defence systems, which we name Hailong, that use NTase enzymes to constitutively synthesize DNA signals and guard against phage infection. Hailong protein B (HalB) is an NTase that converts deoxy-ATP into single-stranded DNA oligomers. A ...
• Phylogenetically informative proteins from an Early Miocene rhinocerotid AI翻译
  作者：Paterson, Ryan S.; Mackie, Meaghan; Capobianco, Alessio; Heckeberg, Nicola S.; Fraser, Danielle; Demarchi, Beatrice; Munir, Fazeelah; Patramanis, Ioannis; Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmin; Liu, Shanlin; Ramsoe, Abigail D.; Dickinson, Marc R.; Baldreki, Chloe; Gilbert, Marisa; Sardella, Raffaele; Bellucci, Luca; Scorrano, Gabriele; Leonardi, Michela; Manica, Andrea; Racimo, Fernando; Willerslev, Eske; Penkman, Kirsty E. H.; Olsen, Jesper V.; MacPhee, Ross D. E.; Rybczynski, Natalia; Hoehna, Sebastian; Cappellini, Enrico
  作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen; University of Munich; University of Munich; Carleton University; Carleton University; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; University of Turin; University of York - UK; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Zoology, CAS; Sapienza University Rome; University of Florence; University of Rome Tor Vergata; University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; University of Bremen; American Museum of Natural History (AMNH)
  摘要：In the past decade, ancient protein sequences have emerged as a valuable source of data for deep-time phylogenetic inference1, 2, 3-4. Still, even though ancient proteins have been reported from the Middle-Late Miocene5,6, the recovery of protein sequences providing subordinal-level phylogenetic insights does not exceed 3.7 million years ago (Pliocene)1. Here, we push this boundary back to 21-24 million years ago (Early Miocene) by retrieving enamel protein sequences of a rhinocerotid (Epiacer...
• Broadband transient full-Stokes luminescence spectroscopy AI翻译
  作者：Reponen, Antti-Pekka M.; Mattes, Marcel; VanOrman, Zachary A.; Estaque, Lilian; Pieters, Gregory; Feldmann, Sascha
  作者单位：Harvard University; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; CEA; Universite Paris Saclay; INRAE
  摘要：Materials emitting circularly polarized light (CPL) are highly sought after for applications ranging from efficient displays to quantum information technologies1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-7. However, established methods for time-resolved CPL (TRCPL) characterization have notable limitations8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16-17, generally requiring a compromise between sensitivity, accessible timescales and spectral information. This has limited the acquisition of in-depth photophysical insight necessary fo...
• Dynamic assemblies and coordinated reactions of non-homologous end joining AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Lan; Li, Jun; Cisneros-Aguirre, Metztli; Merkell, Arianna; Stark, Jeremy M.; Gellert, Martin; Yang, Wei
  作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); City of Hope; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope
  摘要：Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is the main repair pathway of double-strand DNA breaks in higher eukaryotes1,2. Here we report reconstitution of the final steps of NHEJ and structures of DNA polymerase mu and ligase IV (LIG4) engaged in gap filling and end joining. These reactions take place in a flexible omega-shaped framework composed of XRCC4 and XLF. Two broken DNA ends, each encircled by Ku70-Ku80 internally, are docked onto the omega frame, mediated by LIG4. DNA polymerase and ligase a...