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作者:Garba, R.; Usyk, V.; Yla-Mella, L.; Kamenik, J.; Stuebner, K.; Lachner, J.; Rugel, G.; Veselovsky, F.; Gerasimenko, N.; Herries, A. I. R.; Kucera, J.; Knudsen, M. F.; Jansen, J. D.
作者单位:Czech Academy of Sciences; Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Czech Academy of Sciences; National Academy of Sciences Ukraine; Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences - Brno; Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Charles University Prague; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR); Czech Geological Survey; Ministry of Education & Science of Ukraine; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; La Trobe University; University of Johannesburg; Aarhus University
摘要:Stone tools stratified in alluvium and loess at Korolevo, western Ukraine, have been studied by several research groups1-3 since the discovery of the site in the 1970s. Although Korolevo's importance to the European Palaeolithic is widely acknowledged, age constraints on the lowermost lithic artefacts have yet to be determined conclusively. Here, using two methods of burial dating with cosmogenic nuclides4,5, we report ages of 1.42 +/- 0.10 million years and 1.42 +/- 0.28 million years for the...
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作者:[Anonymous]
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作者:Florian, M. Carolina
作者单位:ICREA
摘要:A method for imaging the production of blood cells in the bones of mice has revealed the organization of cell lineages, both in a steady state and in response to stressors, such as bleeding and infection.
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作者:[Anonymous]
摘要:Why are companies and governments determined to start commercial-scale mining for rare metals, when so little is known about its wider impacts?
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作者:Song, Wen; Liu, Li; Yu, Dongli; Bernardy, Hanna; Jirschitzka, Jan; Huang, Shijia; Jia, Aolin; Jemielniak, Wictoria; Acker, Julia; Laessle, Henriette; Wang, Junli; Shen, Qiaochu; Chen, Weijie; Li, Pilong; Parker, Jane E.; Han, Zhifu; Schulze-Lefert, Paul; Chai, Jijie
作者单位:China Agricultural University; Max Planck Society; University of Cologne; Beijing Normal University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Harvard Medical School; Westlake University; Tsinghua University; Max Planck Society
摘要:Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors with an N-terminal Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain mediate recognition of strain-specific pathogen effectors, typically via their C-terminal ligand-sensing domains1. Effector binding enables TIR-encoded enzymatic activities that are required for TIR-NLR (TNL)-mediated immunity2,3. Many truncated TNL proteins lack effector-sensing domains but retain similar enzymatic and immune activities4,5. The mechanism underlying t...
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作者:Padian, Kevin
作者单位:University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
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作者:Guan, Xiangnan; Hu, Ruozhen; Choi, Yoonha; Srivats, Shyam; Nabet, Barzin Y.; Silva, John; McGinnis, Lisa; Hendricks, Robert; Nutsch, Katherine; Banta, Karl L.; Duong, Ellen; Dunkle, Alexis; Chang, Patrick S.; Han, Chia-Jung; Mittman, Stephanie; Molden, Nandini; Daggumati, Pallavi; Connolly, Wendy; Johnson, Melissa; Abreu, Delvys Rodriguez; Cho, Byoung Chul; Italiano, Antoine; Gil-Bazo, Ignacio; Felip, Enriqueta; Mellman, Ira; Mariathasan, Sanjeev; Shames, David S.; Meng, Raymond; Chiang, Eugene Y.; Johnston, Robert J.; Patil, Namrata S.
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作者:Coshic, Kush; Maffeo, Christopher; Winogradoff, David; Aksimentiev, Aleksei
作者单位:University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要:A string of nucleotides confined within a protein capsid contains all the instructions necessary to make a functional virus particle, a virion. Although the structure of the protein capsid is known for many virus species1,2, the three-dimensional organization of viral genomes has mostly eluded experimental probes3,4. Here we report all-atom structural models of an HK97 virion5, including its entire 39,732 base pair genome, obtained through multiresolution simulations. Mimicking the action of a...
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作者:Rozell, Daniel J.
作者单位:State University of New York (SUNY) System; Stony Brook University
摘要:Letter to the Editor
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作者:George, Julie; Maas, Lukas; Abedpour, Nima; Cartolano, Maria; Kaiser, Laura; Fischer, Rieke N.; Scheel, Andreas H.; Weber, Jan-Philipp; Hellmich, Martin; Bosco, Graziella; Volz, Caroline; Mueller, Christian; Dahmen, Ilona; John, Felix; Alves, Cleidson Padua; Werr, Lisa; Panse, Jens Peter; Kirschner, Martin; Engel-Riedel, Walburga; Juergens, Jessica; Stoelben, Erich; Brockmann, Michael; Grau, Stefan; Sebastian, Martin; Stratmann, Jan A.; Kern, Jens; Hummel, Horst-Dieter; Hegedues, Balazs; Schuler, Martin; Ploenes, Till; Aigner, Clemens; Elter, Thomas; Toepelt, Karin; Ko, Yon-Dschun; Kurz, Sylke; Grohe, Christian; Serke, Monika; Hoepker, Katja; Hagmeyer, Lars; Doerr, Fabian; Hekmath, Khosro; Strapatsas, Judith; Kambartel, Karl-Otto; Chakupurakal, Geothy; Busch, Annette; Bauernfeind, Franz-Georg; Griesinger, Frank; Luers, Anne; Dirks, Wiebke; Wiewrodt, Rainer; Luecke, Andrea; Rodermann, Ernst; Diel, Andreas; Hagen, Volker; Severin, Kai; Ullrich, Roland T.; Reinhardt, Hans Christian; Quaas, Alexander; Bogus, Magdalena; Courts, Cornelius; Nuernberg, Peter; Becker, Kerstin; Achter, Viktor; Buettner, Reinhard; Wolf, Juergen; Peifer, Martin; Thomas, Roman K.
作者单位:University of Cologne; University of Cologne; University of Cologne; University of Cologne; University of Cologne; University of Cologne; University of Cologne; University of Cologne; RWTH Aachen University; RWTH Aachen University Hospital; University of Cologne; University of Cologne; Goethe University Frankfurt; Goethe University Frankfurt Hospital; Goethe University Frankfurt; Helmholtz Association; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); University of Wurzburg; University of Duisburg Essen; University of Duisburg Essen; Technische Universitat Dresden; Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; University of Cologne; University of Cologne; University of Bonn; Pius-Hospital Oldenburg; University of Munster; St. Johannes Hospital; University of Duisburg Essen; University of Duisburg Essen; University of Cologne; University of Cologne; University of Cologne
摘要:The evolutionary processes that underlie the marked sensitivity of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) to chemotherapy and rapid relapse are unknown1-3. Here we determined tumour phylogenies at diagnosis and throughout chemotherapy and immunotherapy by multiregion sequencing of 160 tumours from 65 patients. Treatment-naive SCLC exhibited clonal homogeneity at distinct tumour sites, whereas first-line platinum-based chemotherapy led to a burst in genomic intratumour heterogeneity and spatial clonal d...