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作者：Pugsley, Geoffrey; Gryspeerdt, Edward; Nair, Vishnu
作者单位：Imperial College London
摘要：Aerosol-cloud interactions remain one of the largest uncertainties in the anthropogenic forcing of the climate; a significant contribution to this is due to the aerosol effect on the development of cloud fraction and liquid water path in stratocumulus clouds. Stratocumulus are strongly modulated by the diurnal cycle, but many previous observational studies have primarily focused on the daytime behavior of these clouds. In this work, a Lagrangian framework is used to characterize the day-night ...
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作者：Wakim, Joseph G.; Spakowitz, Andrew J.
作者单位：United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University
摘要：The spatial organization of chromatin is governed by epigenetic factors, including epigenetic marks and the reader proteins that bind them. By dictating the accessibility of genomic loci, epigenetic factors contribute to the physical regulation of gene expression, enabling diverse cellular phenotypes to be encoded by a shared genome in an individual. Epigenetic dysregulation can lead to aberrations in chromatin architecture, contributing to diseases such as neurological disorders and cancers. ...
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作者：Elsayed, Hadil; Zayed, Amro
作者单位：York University - Canada
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作者：Fan, Dongdong; Liang, Kaini; Wu, Bingjie; Chen, Michael W.; Sun, Chengyu; Sun, Lei; Zhang, Yan; Du, Yanan
作者单位：Tsinghua University
摘要：The rapid advancement of synthetic biology has enabled the construction of artificial cells that closely mimic the morphology and functionality of their natural counterparts. However, significant limitations remain in engineering artificial cells capable of regulated protein expression. Here, we demonstrate that engineered polymers containing multivalent association motifs can reversibly regulate translational activity through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS)-induced protein aggregation, ...
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作者：Johnston, Keith P.; Truskett, Thomas M.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
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作者：Merrion, Hana Goldschmidt; Barber, Casey N.; Renuse, Santosh; Cutler, Jevon; Kreimer, Simion; Bygrave, Alexei M.; Meyers, David J.; Hale, W. Dylan; Pandey, Akhilesh; Huganir, Richard L.
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Medicine; AstraZeneca; Tufts University; Mayo Clinic
摘要：Synapticplasticityin thecentralnervous system enables the encoding, storing, andintegrat-ing new information. AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionic acid)-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate most fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain, and plasticity ofAMPARs signaling underlies the long-lasting changes in synaptic efficacy and strength important for learning and memory. Recent work has indicated that the enigmatic N-ter...
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作者：Robinson, James P. W.; O'meara, Lydia; Fiorella, Kathryn J.; Byrd, Kendra A.; Kjellevold, Marian; Ansong, Richard S.; Aura, Christopher Mulanda; Mwirigi, Naftaly; Allegretti, Antonio; Karkarey, Rucha; Lamont, Tim A. C.; Maire, Eva; Martin, Sarah M.; Omukoto, Johnstone O.; Standen, Sophie; Gephart, Jessica A.; Graham, Nicholas A. J.; Thilsted, Shakuntala H.; Hicks, Christina C.
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作者：Wong, Michael L.; Prabhu, Anirudh; Alexander, Conel O'd.; Cleaves II, H. James; Cody, George D.; Hystad, Grethe; Bermanec, Marko; Bleeker, Wouter; Boyce, C. Kevin; Corpolongo, Andrea; Czaja, Andrew D.; Das, Souvik; Gaines, Robert R.; Gregory, Daniel D.; Jaszczak, John A.; Javaux, Emmanuelle J.; Jodder, Jaganmoy; Knoll, Andrew H.; Van Kranendonk, Martin; Maloney, Katie M.; Noffke, Nora; Rainbird, Robert; Slaughter, Emersyn; Stueken, Eva E.; Summons, Roger E.; Westall, Frances; Wiemann, Jasmina; Xiao, Shuhai; Hazen, Robert M.
作者单位：Carnegie Institution for Science; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); Space Telescope Science Institute; Howard University; Purdue University System; Purdue University Northwest; University of Graz; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Stanford University; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; Nanjing University; Claremont Colleges; Pomona College; University of Toronto; Michigan Technological University; Michigan Technological University; University of Liege; University of Oslo; University of Witwatersrand; Harvard University; University of New South Wales Sydney; Michigan State University; Old Dominion University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; University of St Andrews; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Chemistry (INC); Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Medicine; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
摘要：Throughout Earth's history, organic molecules from both abiogenic and biogenic sources have been buried in sedimentary rocks. Most of these organic molecules have been significantly altered by geologic processes through deep time. Nonetheless, the nature and distribution of those ancient fragmentary organic remains have the potential to reveal diagnostic biomolecular information after billions of years of burial. Here, we analyzed 406 fossil, modern biological, meteoritic, and synthetic sample...
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作者：Yu, Qiang; Tsodyks, Misha; Sompolinsky, Haim; Schmitz, Dietmar; Gutig, Robert
作者单位：Tianjin University; Weizmann Institute of Science; Institute for Advanced Study - USA; Harvard University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin; Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Institute of Health
摘要：Information processing in the brain relies on the transmission of spikes through chemical synapses whose efficacies often depend on their recent firing history. While effects of such short-term plasticity on neural information processing have long been studied, it is unclear how interactions between short-term and long-term plasticity affect the learning abilities of neural networks. Here, we show that long-term changes to the short-term plasticity of individual synaptic connections enable neu...
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作者：Jain, Piyush; Sen, Sabyasachi; Rockwell, Fulton E.; Twohey, Robert J.; Huber, Annika E.; Desai, Sahil A.; Wu, I-Feng; De Swaef, Tom; Ilman, Mehmet M.; Studer, Anthony J.; Holbrook, N. Michele; Stroock, Abraham D.
作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University; Harvard University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Cornell University; Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries & Food (ILVO); Cornell University
摘要：The conventional assumption is that stomatal conductance (gs) dominates the regulation of water and carbon dioxide fluxes between leaves and the atmosphere. Here, a nanoreporter of water status at the mesophyll cell surface and local xylem within intact maize leaves documents significant undersaturation of water vapor in the outside-xylem zone (OXZ) and a large loss of conductance of this zone (goxz) at moderate xylem water stress, without stomatal closure or turgor loss. The ratio of the resi...
