48期

最新文章

• Uncovering heterogeneous intercommunity disease transmission from neutral allele frequency time series AI翻译
  作者：Okada, Takashi; Isacchini, Giulio; Yu, Qinqin; Hallatschek, Oskar
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Kyoto University; RIKEN; Leipzig University; Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for accurate epidemic forecasting to predict pathogen spread, evolution, and evaluate intervention strategies. Forecast reliability hinges on detailed knowledge of disease transmission across population segments, which may be inferred from contact surveys or mobility data. However, these indirect approaches make it difficult to estimate rare transmissions between socially or geographically distant communities. We show that the steep ramp-up of gen...
• Mechanisms of transport and analgesic compounds recognition by glycine transporter 2 AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Yuhang; Su, Jiawei; Zhao, Jun; Li, Renjie; Bai, Qinru; Song, Hongyi; Meng, Yufei; Ma, Qiao; Zhao, Yan
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Biophysics, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Biophysics, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Peking University
  摘要：Glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) regulates inhibitory glycinergic neurotransmission, and its inhibition potentiates glycinergic signaling, which is a promising strategy for managing neuropathic pain. This study presents high-resolution structures of GlyT2 in its apo state and in complexes with the substrate glycine, analgesic inhibitors, captured in three functional states: outward-facing, occluded, and inward-facing. The glycine-bound structure reveals the binding mode of the substrate, Na+ and ...
• Solvation-induced local structure in liquids probed by high-harmonic spectroscopy AI翻译
  作者：Moore, Eric; Giri, Sucharita; Koutsogiannis, Andreas; Alavi, Tahereh; Mccracken, Greg; Lopata, Kenneth; Herbert, John M.; Gaarde, Mette B.; Dimauro, Louis F.
  作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University
  摘要：High-harmonic generation (HHG) has been established as a powerful tool for studying structure and dynamics of quantum systems in gas and solid phases. To date, only a few studies have extended HHG spectroscopy to liquids, and much remains unresolved concerning the information that can be extracted from HHG spectra about the local liquid environment and the potential of HHG as a nonlinear probe of solvation dynamics. In this work, we investigate HHG in liquid binary solutions consisting of mixt...
• Neural representation of the decisional reference point in monkeys AI翻译
  作者：Nguyen, Duc; Rich, Erin L.; Wallis, Joni D.; Louie, Kenway; Glimcher, Paul W.
  作者单位：New York University; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; New York University
  摘要：The decisional reference point serves as a hidden benchmark for evaluating options in decision-making. Despite extensive behavioral evidence for the existence of the reference point, its neural instantiation remains unclear. To identify reference point encoding at both the single-neuron and population levels, we analyzed neural activity from macaques performing a wealth accumulation task that dissociated objective reward values from the reference point. Across six frontal regions, we found tha...
• Myeloid GPSM1 regulates atherosclerosis progression by governing monocyte and macrophage activation and chemotaxis AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Yuemei; Cao, Yuxin; Sun, Yongxin; Zhou, Chenxia; Lyu, Xiaorui; Wang, Daixi; Zheng, Jiangfei; Shu, Yuxin; Yao, Lijun; Zhang, Rong; Li, Jingyong; Jiang, Feng; Cheng, Xiang; Yan, Jing; Hu, Cheng
  作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Fudan University; Tongji University; Huazhong University of Science & Technology
  摘要：The activation of blood monocytes and the infiltration of monocyte- derived macrophages into the vessel walls are the central part of atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the processes remain unclear. Here, we report that G- protein signaling modulator 1 (GPSM1) plays a critical role in atherogenesis. We found that GPSM1 expression in lesional macrophages was increased during atherosclerosis development both in mice and humans. Myeloid- specific GPSM1 ablation protects mice agai...
• Local negative frequency dependence can decrease global coexistence in fragmented populations AI翻译
  作者：Devadhasan, Anush; Carja, Oana
  作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University
  摘要：Most biological populations are rich in diversity, and negative frequency-dependent (NFD) selection is a well-known mechanism thought to underlie this stable coexistence of multiple variants. Recent studies confirm its widespread presence at local spatial scales, however it remains unclear whether these local-scale dynamics are sufficient to maintain diversity across larger, landscape-level scales. While prior theoretical work has found that local NFD selection can indeed promote global coexis...
• Combinatorial asymmetric acoustic metamaterials with real-time programmability AI翻译
  作者：Keogh, Melanie R.; Bilal, Osama R.
  作者单位：University of Connecticut
  摘要：Metamaterials can stretch the envelope of attainable material properties giving rise to negative effective dynamical parameters. Metamaterials usually achieve such superior functionality through hard-coded geometry, symmetry, and periodicity that cannot be altered postfabrication. While a great deal of research is dedicated to tunable metamaterials, the ability to tune metamaterials on-the-fly in a scalable manner remains an open challenge. Here, we introduce a real-time programmable, combinat...
• Genomic ancestry, behavior, and the domestication of the dog AI翻译
  作者：Lord, Kathryn A.; Larson, Greger; Murphy, William J.; Ostrander, Elaine A.
  作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; UMass Chan Medical School; University of Massachusetts Worcester; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; University of Oxford; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)
• Simulating human well- being with large language models: Systematic validation and misestimation across 64,000 individuals from 64 countries AI翻译
  作者：Pataranutaporn, Pat; Powdthavee, Nattavudh; Archiwaranguprok, Chayapatr; Maes, Pattie
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Nanyang Technological University
  摘要：Subjective well- being is central to economic, medical, and policy decision- making. We evaluate whether large language models (LLMs) can provide valid predictions of well- being across global populations. Using natural- language profiles from 64,000 individuals in 64 countries, we benchmark four leading LLMs against self- reports and statistical models. Unlike regressions, which estimate relationships from survey data, LLMs draw only on individual characteristics (e.g., sociodemographic, atti...
• Delay-facilitated self-assembly in compartmentalized systems AI翻译
  作者：Angerpointner, Severin; Swiderski, Richard; Frey, Erwin
  作者单位：University of Munich; University of Munich
  摘要：Self-assembly processes in biological and synthetic biomolecular systems are often governed by the spatial separation of biochemical processes. While previous work has focused on optimizing self-assembly through fine-tuned reaction parameters or using phase-separated liquid compartments with fast particle exchange, the role of slow intercompartmental exchange remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that slow particle exchange between reaction domains can enhance self-assembly efficienc...