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作者：Lavers, Jennifer L.; Worthington, Hannah; Bond, Alexander L.
作者单位：Charles Sturt University; Natural History Museum London; University of St Andrews; University of St Andrews
摘要：Plastics research lags 30 y behind many other environmental crises, with population-level impacts alluded to but not yet demonstrated for any wild species. Addressing this Grand Challenge requires robust data that span many years of variable exposure. Here, we use 15 y of mark-recapture data to estimate plastics' impact on the demography of Sable Shearwaters (Ardenna carneipes). We found that the ingestion of >1 g of plastic is common and associated with at least an 11% reduction in the probab...
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作者：Otteni, Sebastian; Windisch, Dirk; Ziegler, Colin; Grage, Stephan L.; Wadhwani, Parvesh; Afonin, Sergii; Kara, Nermin; Schneider, Violetta; Mast, Thilo; Walther, Torsten H.; Ulrich, Anne S.
作者单位：Helmholtz Association; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Helmholtz Association; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
摘要：The transmembrane protein E5 from bovine papillomavirus is the shortest naturally occurring oncoprotein. As a dimer, it activates the platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR beta) in a ligand-independent manner by specific helix-helix interactions within the lipid bilayer. For both proteins, we determined the detailed orientations of their transmembrane helices in aligned membrane samples. Solid-state 15N-NMR was used to study either protein segment alone, as well as in the heteroc...
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作者：Zhang, Yi-Chen; Ding, Zi-Qin; Xu, Shi-Yao; Chen, Ji-Yu; Chen, Ming-Hui; Luo, Bing-Qing; Wang, Ying; Wu, Yan-Yi; Lv, Xin-Yao; Liu, Xing-Zhu; Zhao, Chen; Liu, Qing-Huai; Chen, Xue
作者单位：Nanjing Medical University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fudan University; Fudan University
摘要：Diabetic microvasculopathy is a serious diabetes complication, with diabetic retinopathy (DR) being a leading cause of blindness worldwide due to immature, leaky neovessels. Antiangiogenic therapies merely suppress neovascularization, leaving the retina oxygen-starved and prone to regrowth. Thus, therapies that stabilize aberrant neovessels are needed. We identify the RNA demethylase ALKBH3 as an epitranscriptional driver of diabetic microvasculopathy. Upregulated ALKBH3 in diabetic vascular e...
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作者：Epstein, Ziv; Jahanbakhsh, Farnaz; Piccardi, Tiziano; Peytavin, Axel; Gallegos, Isabel; Sapkota, Shardul; Zhao, Dora; Ugander, Johan; Bernstein, Michael S.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Johns Hopkins University; Stanford University; Yale University
摘要：Social media feed algorithms rank content that is purported to be preferred by users, but the engagement behaviors that drive these algorithms are (at best) indirect proxies for users' explicitly self-stated values. Are the resulting feeds value aligned, and if not, why? We investigate this question by annotating the basic human values expressed in participants' X (Twitter) feeds (N = 715 US users), analyzing the relationship between the posts' value expressions and the posts' amplification in...
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作者：He, Yang; Chen, Dengke; Wang, Chongmin; Zhu, Ting; Wang, Yuyang; Li, Bin; Mao, Scott X.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Iowa State University; Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：Twinning is a critical deformation mechanism that can significantly enhance the mechanical performance of materials. Predicting active twinning modes has long been a fundamental challenge. It is generally believed that active twinning modes should exhibit low to moderate shear strains to minimize the associated strain energy. Here, using in situ atomic-scale straining experiments, we identify an unconventional twinning mode in hexagonal close-packed (HCP) rhenium nanocrystals, characterized by...
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作者：Kannan, Sudharsan; Ernandez, Liliana R.; Robertson, Gail A.
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：The human ether-& agrave;-go-go related gene (hERG) encodes a potassium channel essential for cardiac repolarization and neuronal excitability. In the heart, heteromeric assemblies of hERG1a and hERG1b subunits produce cardiac IKr, and mutations in either subunit are associated with long QT syndrome. Although hERG1a and 1b contain identical transmembrane and C-terminal cytosolic domains, they differ in N-terminal cytosolic domains, with hERG1b harboring an arginine-based endoplasmic reticulum ...
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作者：Longmire, Pierce; Chen, Han; McKinzey, David R.; Savanagouder, Mamata; Kosarek, Noelle N.; Pesola, Jean M.; Bobak, Carly A.; Bosco, Giovanni; Goodrum, Felicia; Coen, Donald M.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Arizona; University of Arizona Health Sciences; University of Arizona; University of Arizona Health Sciences; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Dartmouth College; Dartmouth College; Dartmouth College
摘要：How host functions affect resistance to antiviral drugs is poorly understood. Ganciclovir, a chain-terminating nucleoside analog, is a first-line therapy against human cytomegalovirus, a widespread herpesvirus that causes life-threatening disease in immunocompromised individuals and newborns. Ganciclovir resistance, which is caused by mutations that affect the viral kinase, UL97, and/or the viral polymerase, UL54, can cause treatment failures. Among these mutations, those reducing the exonucle...
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作者：Liao, Guanyu; Tao, Sha; Dessau, Jessica L.; Bann, Yejin; Hecht, Michael H.
作者单位：Princeton University
摘要：De novo proteins that share no ancestry with natural sequences can serve as additions to the evolved proteomes of living cells. Upon expression in cells, these novel proteins can provide biological functions that alter cell viability and growth. To isolate such proteins, we searched a combinatorial library of novel sequences by selecting for sequences that sustain the growth of Escherichia coli under conditions where the recipient cell would otherwise be inviable. This led to the identificatio...
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作者：Benndorf, Klaus; Schmauder, Ralf; Hegemann, Peter
作者单位：Friedrich Schiller University of Jena; Humboldt University of Berlin
摘要：The analysis of how sensation, cognition, and behavior arise from neuronal activity has been enormously facilitated by optogenetics, using algae-derived light sensitive channelrhodopsins, ChRs, expressed in brain cells. To disclose the unitary conductance and the details of the gating mechanism, we recorded unitary currents of the potentially inhibitory K+ selective ChRs HcKCR1 and WiChR1 at femtosiemens resolution. Both ChRs open in bursts with a large dominating conductance of 1.6 pS for KCR...
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作者：Birla, Pakhi; Yang, Lansaol; Shan, Wanting; Minamisawa, Sakura; Dhaygude, Omkar; Manoj, Haritha; Lee, Alex J.; Ferri, Jacqueline; Zheng, Ying; Northcutt, Andrew; Fan, Hongni; Beauregard, Hadley; Zeng, Zhen; Smith, Kellie N.; Shaikh, Fyza Y.; Sears, Cynthia L.; Pardoll, Drew M.; Housseau, Franck
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Medicine; Juntendo University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Medicine
摘要：Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells capable of MR1-dependent immune surveillance, but how intratumoral bacteria modulate MR1 expression in human lung tumors remains unclear. We studied intratumoral MAIT cells from paired single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing datasets of tumor-infiltrating CD3 T cells isolated from non-small cell lung cancer tumors in patients receiving neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade therapy. MAIT cells were subclustered to identify conventional MAIT-ass...
