2026

最新文章

• Exposure to World War II and Its Labor Market Consequences over the Life Cycle AI翻译
  作者：Braun, Sebastian Till; Stuhler, Jan
  作者单位：University of Bayreuth; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
  摘要：With 70 million dead, World War II remains the most devastating conflict in history. Among the survivors, millions were displaced, returned maimed from the battlefield, or endured years of captivity. We examine the effects of such war exposures on labor market careers, showing that they often become apparent only at certain life stages. While war injuries reduced employment in old age, former prisoners of war prolonged their time in the workforce before retiring. Many displaced workers, especi...
• How Britain Unified Germany: Trade Routes and the Formation of the Zollverein AI翻译
  作者：Huning, Thilo R.; Wolf, Nikolaus
  作者单位：University of York - UK; Humboldt University of Berlin
  摘要：Does the location of a state relative to others matter? We argue that a state's location can affect its bargaining power, and thus multilateral relations if trade costs depend on trade routes that pass through other states. This is an important, yet neglected aspect of economic history. We show how an exogenous border change-caused by Britain's intervention at Vienna in 1815-affected the location and trade routes of Prussia and other German states. We find that this border change led to the fo...
• Droughts, Conflicts, and the Importance of Democratic Legitimacy: Evidence from Pre-Industrial Europe (vol 85, pg 1101, 2025) AI翻译
  作者：Wigton-Jones, Evan
• Institutions, Local Agency, and Allegiance: Healthcare Provision in Colonial India AI翻译
  作者：Caum-Julio, Jordi
  作者单位：University of Barcelona
  摘要：This paper uses a novel georeferenced cross-sectional dataset to explore which factors influenced the funding of hospitals and dispensaries in colonial India, emphasizing land tenure systems as a cause of regional variation. Where land was owned by cultivators, healthcare facilities received more resources from local public bodies and were better funded compared to regions where land was owned by landlords. In contrast, in landlord regions they received more private donations and subscriptions...
• Railroad Bailouts in the Great Depression AI翻译
  作者：Moore, Lyndon; Verdickt, Gertjan
  作者单位：Monash University; University of Auckland
  摘要：The Reconstruction Finance Corporation and Public Works Administration loaned 50 U.S. railroads over $1.1 billion between 1932 and 1939. The government's goal was to increase employment and decrease the likelihood of bond defaults. Bailouts appear to have had little effect on employment, but we estimate that they did increase the average wage of railroad employees. Bailouts are estimated to have reduced firm debt, but did not significantly impact bond default. We find some evidence that manufa...
• It Takes Money to Make MPs: Evidence from 160 Years of British Campaign Spending (OCT, 10.1017/S0022050725100934, 2025) AI翻译
  作者：Cage, Julia; Dewitte, Edgard
• Small, Medium, Large: How the Government Made the US into a Manufacturing Powerhouse. AI翻译
  作者：Langlois, Richard N.
  作者单位：University of Connecticut
• Gender and Racial Differences in Migration Behavior: Evidence from the Farm Exodus within and out of the US South, 1900-1940 AI翻译
  作者：Withrow, Jennifer
  摘要：Using linked Census Tree records and archival sources, I explore the roles of race and gender in migrant selection and sorting during the exodus of single young women and men from U.S. Southern farms from 1900-1940. Female migration rates, influenced by changes in farm men's marriageability, rose during the farm crisis of 1920-1940 and exceeded men's by 1940. On- and off-farm discrimination by race and gender drove differences in migrant characteristics: out-of-South Black female migrants, but...
• Colonialism on the Cheap: The French Empire 1830-1962 AI翻译
  作者：Cogneau, Denis; Dupraz, Yannick; Huillery, Elise; Mesple-Somps, Sandrine
  作者单位：Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Paris School of Economics; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS)
  摘要：How much did France pay for its colonial empire? Did colonies benefit from large transfers from French taxpayers and private investors, or were they, on the contrary, drained of their capital? This paper uses novel budgetary, private investment, and loan data to compute monetary flows between France and the colonies between 1833 and 1962. Public expenditure spent by France on the empire represented only 1.3 percent of its GDP, of which four-fifths was for the military. Trade balance deficits o...
• Strikes and Machines: Investments in the Norwegian Inter-War-Period AI翻译
  作者：Kotsadam, Andreas; Rasmussen, Magnus B.; Moene, Kalle; Kjelsrud, Anders; Gjerlow, Haakon
  作者单位：University of Oslo; Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO)
  摘要：To what extent do strike threats prompt firms to adopt capital-intensive methods to deter strikes or labor-intensive strategies to maintain flexibility during work stoppages? We introduce a theoretical model that demonstrates how threats of industrial action influence capital investments through relative factor prices and the power dynamics between workers and employers. Using newly digitized data from 3,141 industrial conflicts and collective agreements in Norway during the interwar period, o...