Gender and Racial Differences in Migration Behavior: Evidence from the Farm Exodus within and out of the US South, 1900-1940

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Withrow, Jennifer
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0022-0507
• DOI: 10.1017/S0022050725101046
• 发表日期: 2026
• 关键词: black-and-white; great migration; self-selection; UNITED-STATES; marriage; opportunity; immigration; americans; mobility; Europe

摘要

Using linked Census Tree records and archival sources, I explore the roles of race and gender in migrant selection and sorting during the exodus of single young women and men from U.S. Southern farms from 1900-1940. Female migration rates, influenced by changes in farm men's marriageability, rose during the farm crisis of 1920-1940 and exceeded men's by 1940. On- and off-farm discrimination by race and gender drove differences in migrant characteristics: out-of-South Black female migrants, but not within-South, were positively selected on education and family resources, while White women were positively selected across both destinations.