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作者：Rhode, Paul W.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：American economic historians generally believe that U.S. modern economic growth began before 1840, was broadly based, and the acceleration was gradual. These claims are treated as conjectures rather than solid conclusions because the census did not publish good economic data before 1840. But the earlier period was not a statistical dark age, as sometimes asserted. After 1817, systematic statistics on postal activity were available at the local level at high frequencies. These data shed light o...
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作者：Janas, Pawel
作者单位：California Institute of Technology
摘要：Between 1910 and 1940, U.S. high school graduation rates rose five-fold, driving twentieth-century economic growth. I explore how the Great Depression's surge in youth unemployment influenced this trend, emphasizing gender and socioeconomic disparities. Using linked census data and newly digitized city-level unemployment rates, I find that youth unemployment significantly increased high school and post-secondary completion among higher-income boys, while effects on girls and lower-income youth...
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作者：Carlana, Michela; Tabellini, Marco
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作者：Barr, Jason
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University Newark
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作者：Curtis, Matthew
作者单位：University of Southern Denmark
摘要：When did marriage become strongly assortative? I use a uniquely suitable database from Quebec 1800-1970 to provide the long-run perspective necessary to answer this question. First, I develop a novel method that reveals that marriage was highly assortative as far back as the early nineteenth century. Next, I show this matching depends on the individual human capital of women, not just on family backgrounds. Finally, I show that mothers had an effect on child outcomes independent of the fathers...
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作者：Dossou-Cadja, Rodrigue
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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作者：Korchmina, Elena; Malinowski, Mikolaj
作者单位：University of Bologna; University of Groningen
摘要：We measure pre- and post-tax income inequality in Moscow Province in 1811. We collect new data on incomes for 7,399 asset-holding households, including all registered aristocrats and merchants. We estimate the average incomes of 21 additional social groups using financial records from government and private businesses. Combining this data, we construct a social table and measure top-tier income concentration, Gini coefficient, and the Extraction Ratio. Our findings reveal that serfdom resulted...
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作者：Green, Allison
作者单位：Princeton University
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作者：de la Croix, David; Morault, Pauline
作者单位：Universite Bourgogne Europe; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CY Cergy Paris Universite
摘要：Using a new database of European academics, we build a network of universities that is based on professors' mobility. We describe how the network was altered following the Protestant Reformation. We focus on fragmentation and on universities' centrality. Dyadic regressions confirm that geography and vernacular languages were important for mobility, but did not substitute for religion. We compare simulated networks with and without religious identity. Most universities lose centrality in the si...
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作者：Goehring, Grant
作者单位：Boston University
摘要：In the late 1800s, city leaders in the United States established red-light districts to contain prostitution. Progressive Era reformers argued these districts harmed public health, prompting their closure in the 1910s. This paper analyzes how closing the red-light districts affected neighborhood composition and public health. I find infant mortality from premature births and congenital defects increased after closure, which is consistent with an increase in congenital syphilis. There was also ...
