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作者：Jetter, Michael
作者单位：University of Western Australia
摘要：Is humanity's circle of moral concern expanding? I explore frequencies of morally universal language in 15 million book publications in American English, British English, French, Spanish, German and Italian from 1800-2000. In each language, morally universal terminology diminished markedly. This pattern also emerges in Chinese, Russian and Hebrew books. I test two prominent hypotheses predicting moral universalism, pertaining to reason and religiosity. Reason-based terminology indeed correlate...
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作者：Hanushek, Eric A.; Kinne, Lavinia; Sancassani, Pietro; Woessmann, Ludger
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich
摘要：Decisions to invest in human capital depend on people's time preferences. This paper shows that differences in patience are closely related to substantial subnational differences in educational achievement, leading to new perspectives on long-standing within-country disparities. We use social media data-Facebook interests-to construct novel regional measures of patience within Italy and the United States. The approach is first validated with a cross-country analysis of patience and Facebook in...
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作者：Andersen, Steffen; Brandon, Alec; Gneezy, Uri; List, John A.
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; Johns Hopkins University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We experimentally study the effects of transitory incentives and income predicted by models of reference-dependent labour supply. Visiting an open-air market in India, we induce experimental variation in: (i) incentives by offering vendors a supplemental wage over the course of two days and (ii) income by, one morning, administering a substantial overpayment for a good sold in the market. We find that incentives have a staggered effect on hours worked: initially vendors do not respond, but by ...
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作者：Orchard, Jacob D.; Ramey, Valerie A.; Wieland, Johannes F.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors; Stanford University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Macroeconomics has increasingly adopted tools from the applied micro 'credibility revolution' to estimate micro parameters that can inform macro questions. In this paper, we argue that researchers should take advantage of this confluence of micro and macro to take the credibility revolution one step further. We argue that researchers should assess the plausibility of the micro estimates and macro models by constructing macro counterfactuals for historical periods and comparing these counterfac...
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作者：Gauriot, Romain; Page, Lionel
作者单位：Deakin University; University of Queensland
摘要：Using a natural experiment setting in binary options markets, we compare the evolution of market prices in situations where the occurrence of public information shocks is contingent on knife-edge conditions and can be considered nearly random. We find that prices mostly react efficiently and quickly to information shocks, adjusting to the new fundamental value. Nonetheless, we observe a tendency for prices to initially under-react when the information shocks are large. This under-reaction is s...
