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作者：Konradt, Maximilian; Mangiante, Giacomo
作者单位：Imperial College London; European Central Bank; Bank of Italy
摘要：This paper examines the economic and political effects of carbon pricing across European regions. Our main finding is that a well-identified increase in carbon prices reduces emissions, but entails economic and political costs: higher carbon prices significantly reduce output and employment while increasing vote shares for extremist and populist parties, contributing to political fragmentation. Consistent with an economic voting channel, opinion surveys reveal a more pessimistic economic outlo...
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作者：Fried, Stephie
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco
摘要：This paper develops a macro heterogeneous-agent model to quantify the distributional impacts of higher temperatures resulting from climate change in the United States. Households adapt to temperature through two channels: an intensive margin-adjusting energy use for heating and cooling-and an extensive margin-deciding whether to purchase temperature-control equipment such as a heater, air conditioner or heat pump. I estimate the production functions for household heating and cooling from a uni...
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作者：Conte, Bruno; Desmet, Klaus; Rossi-Hansberg, Esteban
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics; Southern Methodist University; University of Chicago
摘要：Using a multi-sector dynamic spatial integrated assessment model, we argue that a carbon tax introduced by the European Union and rebated locally can, if not too large, increase the size of Europe's economy by concentrating economic activity in its high-productivity non-agricultural core and by incentivising immigration to the European Union. The resulting change in the spatial distribution of economic activity improves global efficiency and welfare. A carbon tax introduced by the United State...
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作者：Bourany, Thomas; Rosenthal-Kay, Jordan
作者单位：Columbia University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco
摘要：To combat global warming, climate policies like carbon taxes, renewable subsidies and carbon tariffs must be implemented to phase out fossil fuel consumption and lower emissions. Who are the winners and losers of such policies? Through a simple integrated assessment model with heterogeneous countries and international trade in goods and energy, we study both the costs of implementing these policies unilaterally and the local costs and global gains of international policy cooperation. To do so,...
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作者：[Anonymous]
摘要：This paper develops a framework to integrate demographic change into climate policy analysis. We build an overlapping-generations climate-economy model with a rich demographic structure, allowing population growth and survival probabilities to vary over time. These features endogenously determine the age composition of society and shape aggregate preferences. A central result of our framework is an aggregation result: despite the heterogeneity across cohorts, the planner's problem can be recas...
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作者：Bisin, Alberto
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作者：Ascari, Guido; Colciago, Andrea; Haber, Timo; Wohrmuller, Stefan
作者单位：University of Pavia; European Central Bank; De Nederlandsche Bank NV; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Deutsche Bundesbank; University of Amsterdam; University of Milano-Bicocca
摘要：The EU aims for 42.5% green energy consumption by 2030. What are the effects of the European green transition on inequality? We answer this question using a heterogeneous-agent model with non-homothetic preferences for energy and non-energy goods, calibrated to European data. We study the impact of an increase in carbon taxes designed to meet the EU target under different revenue-recycling strategies. Redistributing tax revenues via uniform transfers reduces consumption inequality, shifts the ...
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作者：Douenne, Thomas; Hummel, Albert Jan; Pedroni, Marcelo
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; University of Groningen; Inter-American Development Bank; University of Amsterdam
摘要：We study optimal fiscal policy to address climate change and inequality. We theoretically characterise optimal carbon and income taxes and quantify them for the US economy using a climate model calibrated to DICE. In contrast to the representative-agent setting, we find that (i) tax distortions have a negligible effect on the optimal carbon tax; (ii) inequality only slightly reduces it; (iii) the revenue from carbon taxes is optimally split about equally between reducing tax distortions and in...
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作者：Correa-Dias, Lucas; Norris, Jordan J.; Pellegrina, Heitor S.
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi; University of Notre Dame
摘要：We develop a quantitative, multi-country general equilibrium framework to study the impact of economic growth, dietary restrictions and food trade policies on global greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture. Motivated by new cross-country relationships between economic development, diet patterns, agricultural technologies and GHG emissions, our framework features different income elasticities of demand across food products and multiple agricultural technologies for production across gri...
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作者：Hochmuth, Philipp; Krusell, Per; Mitman, Kurt
作者单位：Stockholm University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The EU has embarked on an ambitious path towards climate neutrality. How difficult will this transition be for the population as a whole and for different subsets of consumers? This paper investigates this question using a dynamic general-equilibrium model that captures a key feature of energy consumption: the relative energy content of one's consumption basket falls significantly as a function of one's relative income. Thus, low-income consumers are expected to be hit harder by the higher ene...
