-
作者：Neto, Felix; Pinto, Conciecao; Mullet, Etienne
作者单位：Universidade do Porto; Universite PSL; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE)
摘要：Forgiveness is a key concept in many governance and responsive regulation issues. The notion of intergroup forgiveness was examined among people from four countries: Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, and East Timor. Nine hundred and eighty-five adults who had suffered from the many conflicts in their areas, either personally or through injuries inflicted on members of their family, agreed to participate in a study that was specifically about seeking intergroup forgiveness. In all four countri...
-
作者：Bernstein, Steven; Cashore, Benjamin
作者单位：University of Toronto; Yale University
摘要：In the absence of effective national and intergovernmental regulation to ameliorate global environmental and social problems, private alternatives have proliferated, including self-regulation, corporate social responsibility, and public-private partnerships. Of the alternatives, non-state market driven (NSMD) governance systems deserve greater attention because they offer the strongest regulation and potential to socially embed global markets. NSMD systems encourage compliance by recognizing a...
-
作者：Bull, Benedicte
作者单位：University of Oslo
摘要：It is currently widely recognized that trade liberalization leads not only to deregulation but also to re-regulation. However, it is less well understood how trade agreements and trade liberalization affect domestic regulatory institutions. This article aims to contribute to such an understanding through a case study of Chile. Since 1990, Chile has pursued a strategy of economic integration through bilateral, regional, and multilateral agreements. The study shows how this strategy has led to t...
-
作者：Maggetti, Martino
作者单位：University of Lausanne
摘要：The phenomenon of delegating public authority from elected politicians (or ministries headed by elected politicians) to formally independent regulatory agencies (RAs) is becoming increasingly widespread. This paper examines the relation between formal independence, as prescribed in the constitutions of agencies, and de facto independence. Toward this end, it conceptualizes and assesses de facto independence of RAs, and discusses organizational, institutional, and political explanations for div...
-
作者：Decker, Christopher S.
作者单位：University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln
摘要：This paper considers the level of, and changes in, optimal noncompliance penalties under the following conditions: (i) where the regulator responsible for setting policy parameters, Such as a penalty, is different from (and thus may have a different objective from) the regulator responsible for enforcing existing regulations; and (ii) where enforcement behavior changes from one in which enforcers are unresponsive to overtures on the part of firms to increase compliance to one in which enforcer...
