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作者：Toffel, Michael W.; Short, Jodi L.; Ouellet, Melissa
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Transnational business regulation is increasingly implemented through private voluntary programs - such as certification regimes and codes of conduct - that diffuse global standards. However, little is known about the conditions under which companies adhere to these standards. We conduct one of the first large-scale comparative studies to determine which international, domestic, civil society, and market institutions promote supply chain factories' adherence to the global labor standards embod...
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作者：Samford, Steven
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：Important product and process innovations are often developed in public spaces that promote collaboration and provide shelter from market competition. Given that most collaborative spaces are costly to establish, the possible implications are bleak for economically strapped developing countries. This paper highlights a less conspicuous - if not unknown - source of collaborative space: the regulatory process. Regulators can induce innovation by promoting collaboration across organizational, sec...
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作者：Nadvi, Khalid; Raj-Reichert, Gale
作者单位：University of Manchester
摘要：Global brands remain under increasing pressure to ensure labor standards and codes of conduct are met by their suppliers. Little is known about how this is addressed by lower tier suppliers. We investigate whether, and how, occupational health and safety standards permeate down the computer industry value chain. We compare first and second tier suppliers' engagement with a private voluntary industry code, the Electronic Industry Code of Conduct, and the publicly regulated European Union Direct...
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作者：Bartley, Tim
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作者：van der Ven, Hamish
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：The number of eco-labeling schemes is rising dramatically, yet the rigor and credibility of such schemes remains uneven. Whereas some eco-labeling organizations (ELOs) comply with best practice guidelines designed to increase the credibility of their standards through attention to good operating principles, such as transparency and impartiality, others do not. Within this article, I attempt to explain this variation through multivariate regression analysis of an original cross-sectoral dataset...
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作者：Fransen, Luc; Conzelmann, Thomas
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Maastricht University
摘要：Literature on private regulation recognizes the proliferation of competing regulatory organizations and approaches in various industries. Studies analyzing why fragmentation arises so far focus on single-case studies, the exploration of single variables, or variation in types of fragmentation. This article analyzes why in certain industries and for certain issues regulatory organizations proliferate, while in others a single regulatory organization emerges which covers the entire industry. Thr...
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作者：Distelhorst, Greg; Locke, Richard M.; Pal, Timea; Samel, Hiram
作者单位：University of Oxford; Brown University; European University Institute
摘要：Poor working conditions in global supply chains have led to private initiatives that seek to regulate labor practices in developing countries. But how effective are these regulatory programs? We investigate the effects of transnational private regulation by studying Hewlett-Packard's (HP) supplier responsibility program. Using analysis of factory audits, interviews with buyer and supplier management, and field research at production facilities across seven countries, we find that national cont...
