-
作者：Ulbricht, Lena; Yeung, Karen
作者单位：University of Birmingham; University of Birmingham
摘要：This paper offers a critical synthesis of the articles in this Special Issue with a view to assessing the concept of algorithmic regulation as a mode of social coordination and control articulated by Yeung in 2017. We highlight significant changes in public debate about the role of algorithms in society occurring in the last five years. We also highlight prominent themes that emerge from the contributions, illuminating what is distinctive about the concept of algorithmic regulation, reflecting...
-
作者：Matus, Kira J. M.; Veale, Michael
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; University of London; University College London
摘要：Concerns around machine learning's societal impacts have led to proposals to certify some systems. While prominent governance efforts to date center around networking standards bodies such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), we argue that machine learning certification should build on structures from the sustainability domain. Policy challenges of machine learning and sustainability share significant structural similarities, including difficult to observe credence ...
-
作者：Balla, Steven J.; Beck, Alexander R.; Meehan, Elizabeth; Prasad, Aryamala
作者单位：George Washington University; George Washington University
摘要：This article examines agency responsiveness to mass comment campaigns - collections of identical and near-duplicate comments sponsored by organizations and submitted by group members and supporters - in administrative rulemaking in the United States. Focusing on 1,049 mass comment campaigns that occurred during 22 Environmental Protection Agency rulemakings between 2012 and 2017, the article develops and assesses expectations regarding responsiveness to campaigns relative to comments submitted...
-
作者：Borraz, Olivier; Beaussier, Anne-Laure; Wesseling, Mara; Demeritt, David; Rothstein, Henry; Hermans, Marijke; Huber, Michael; Paul, Regine
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of London; King's College London; University of Bielefeld
摘要：This article advances scholarship on comparative regulation by moving beyond the conventional focus on formal law and EU comitology to assess the extent of 'practice convergence' in the implementation of EU regulation. Drawing on 50 key informant interviews, a survey, and policy document analysis, we compare how regulators in England, Germany, France and the Netherlands have implemented EU requirements that food safety inspections be 'risk-based'. Focusing on a clear dependent variable - risk-...
-
作者：Johns, Fleur; Compton, Caroline
作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney
摘要：This article aims to characterize and compare some approaches to regulation manifest in distinct yet intersecting domains of data assemblage and algorithmic development and to explore some implications of their operating in concert. We focus on three such types of domain, each oriented toward different purposes: market jurisdictions, public science jurisdictions, and jurisdictions of humanitarianism. These domains we characterize as data jurisdictions because they tend to propagate distinct no...
-
作者：Eyert, Florian; Irgmaier, Florian; Ulbricht, Lena
摘要：In this article, we take forward recent initiatives to assess regulation based on contemporary computer technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence. In order to characterize current phenomena of regulation in the digital age, we build on Karen Yeung's concept of algorithmic regulation, extending it by building bridges to the fields of quantification, classification, and evaluation research, as well as to science and technology studies. This allows us to develop a more fine-graine...
-
作者：Krafft, Tobias D.; Zweig, Katharina A.; Koenig, Pascal D.
作者单位：University of Kaiserslautern; University of Kaiserslautern
摘要：Algorithmic decision-making (ADM) systems have come to support, pre-empt or substitute for human decisions in manifold areas, with potentially significant impacts on individuals' lives. Achieving transparency and accountability has been formulated as a general goal regarding the use of these systems. However, concrete applications differ widely in the degree of risk and the accountability problems they entail for data subjects. The present paper addresses this variation and presents a framewor...
-
作者：Kosta, Eleni
作者单位：Tilburg University
摘要：This paper explores the extent to which current interpretations of the notion of agency, as traditionally perceived under human rights law, pose challenges to human rights protection in light of algorithmic surveillance. After examining the notion of agency under the European Convention on Human Rights as a criterion for applications' admissibility, the paper looks into the safeguards of notification and of redress - crucial safeguards developed by the Court in secret surveillance cases - whic...
-
作者：Dudley, Susan E.; Xie, Zhoudan
作者单位：George Washington University
摘要：Behavioral research has shown that individuals do not always behave in ways that match textbook definitions of rationality but are subject to cognitive biases that may lead to systematic errors in judgments and decisions. Recognizing that regulators are not immune from these cognitive irrationalities, this article explores how the institutional framework or choice architecture in which they operate interacts with those biases. By examining five cognitive biases that may be prevalent among regu...
-
作者：Yeung, Karen; Bygrave, Lee A.
作者单位：University of Birmingham; University of Birmingham; University of Oslo
摘要：This article critically examines fundamental aspects of the recently reformed European regime for protection of personal data, focusing on the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) adopted by the European Union (EU) in 2016. Although the GDPR is now a central concern for many organizations across multiple sectors, many complain that it is arcane, confusing, and complex. By combining knowledge from two disciplinary perspectives - from regulatory governance scholarship, on the one hand, with...
