-
作者：Dudley, Susan E.
作者单位：George Washington University
摘要：The U.S. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) is responsible for reviewing executive branch agencies' draft proposed and final regulations, coordinating the federal government's regulatory agenda, approving government collections of information from the public, and developing and overseeing the implementation of government-wide policies related to information policy, information quality, peer review, privacy, statistical policy, and international regulatory cooperation. While so...
-
作者：Steinebach, Yves
作者单位：University of Munich
摘要：While both the economics and political science literature have gained considerable knowledge on why some environmental policies work better than others, we still lack a clear and consistent picture on the determinants of environmental policy effectiveness. This is primarily because influences of the policy design and the implementation process have often been studied in isolation from one another. This article intends to close this gap by systematically examining how different instrument types...
-
作者：Bellanova, Rocco; de Goede, Marieke
作者单位：University of Amsterdam
摘要：This article contributes to debates on algorithmic regulation by focusing on the domain of security. It develops aninfrastructuralperspective, by analyzing how algorithmic regulation is enacted through the custom-built transatlantic data infrastructures of the EU-U.S. Passenger Name Records and Terrorism Financing Tracking Program programs. Concerning regulationthroughalgorithms, this approach analyzes how specific, commercial data are rendered transferable and meaningful in a security context...
-
作者：Binns, Reuben
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：Arguments in favor of tempering algorithmic decision making with human judgment often appeal to concepts and criteria derived from legal philosophy about the nature of law and legal reasoning, arguing that algorithmic systems cannot satisfy them (but humans can). Such arguments often make implicit appeal to the notion that each case needs to be assessed on its own merits, without comparison to or generalization from previous cases. This article argues that this notion of individual justice can...
-
作者：Gellert, Raphael
作者单位：Radboud University Nijmegen
摘要：The notion of information is central to data protection law, and to algorithms/machine learning. This centrality gives the impressions that algorithms are just yet another data processing operation to be regulated. A more careful analysis reveals a number of issues. The notion of personal data is notoriously under-defined, and attempts at clarification from an information theory perspective are also equivocal. The paper therefore attempts a clarification of the meaning of data and information ...
-
作者：Gritsenko, Daria; Wood, Matthew
作者单位：University of Helsinki; University of Helsinki; University of Sheffield
摘要：This article examines how modes of governance are reconfigured as a result of using algorithms in the governance process. We argue that deploying algorithmic systems creates a shift toward a special form of design-based governance, with power exercised ex ante via choice architectures defined through protocols, requiring lower levels of commitment from governing actors. We use governance of three policy problems - speeding, disinformation, and social sharing - to illustrate what happens when a...
-
作者：Festic, Noemi
作者单位：University of Zurich
摘要：The term algorithmic governance describes institutional steering effects of algorithmic-selection applications that increasingly pervade all domains of everyday life. Empirical evidence on algorithmic governance is lacking and mostly limited to information services. This article compares the significance of algorithmic governance - measured by use, subjective significance, awareness, risk awareness, and coping practices - for four pivotal life domains (information, recreation, commercial trans...
-
作者：Rissing, Ben A.
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：This study examines a little-known but prolific form of regulation: organizations' self-reported compliance attestations. The paper presents systematic analyses of multiple assessment procedures in the U.S. Department of Labor's (DoL) labor certification program, a frequent requirement for immigrant employment-based permanent residency. In applications, employers attest to (i) recruiting a qualified immigrant and (ii) the lack of available U.S. workers. DoL assessment procedures to evaluate co...
-
作者：Rasche, Andreas; Gwozdz, Wencke; Larsen, Mathias Lund; Moon, Jeremy
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; Stockholm School of Economics; Justus Liebig University Giessen; Central University of Finance & Economics
摘要：This study analyzes which firms leave multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) for corporate social responsibility. Based on an analysis of all active and delisted business participants from the United Nations Global Compact between 2000 and 2015 (n = 15,853), we find that small and medium-sized enterprises are more likely to leave than larger and publicly traded firms; that early adopters are less likely to leave than late adopters; and that the presence of a local network in a country reduces th...
