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作者：De Jong, P
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：An algorithm, called the scan sampler, is developed and discussed. The scan sampler has a variety of uses for time series analysis based on the state space model with non-Gaussian observations. The algorithm is based on the Kalman filter/smoothing algorithm. It can be used for Bayesian inference using Markov chain Monte Carlo and to find posterior modes.
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作者：Kong, FH; Slud, E
作者单位：Westat; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：In testing for significance of treatment effect within two-sample censored survival data with measured covariates, it is known (Tsiatis, Rosner & Tritchler, 1985) that adjusting the logrank test statistic using a proportional-hazards model for covariate effect can substantially increase efficiency. Extending the robust score statistics described by Lin & Wei (1989), we show how to estimate and optimise the relative efficiencies of such score statistics based on various possible working models,...
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作者：Parmigiani, G
作者单位：Duke University
摘要：This paper studies a decision theoretic method for timing medical examinations. The specific model is motivated by screening asymptomatic individuals for hidden disease or risk-increasing conditions. Ideas and strategies may be applied more broadly to problems in which a stochastic process is monitored over time with a costly and possibly faulty data collection procedure. The decision space is modelled as a space of functions, termed screening intensity functions. Results include explicit rule...
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作者：Qaqish, BF; Zhou, HB; Cai, JW
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：We derive the relationship between the population model and the sample model in the case of case-control sampling of clustered responses. The derived formulae provide insight into why methods that ignore the sampling scheme fail to provide consistent estimators in this case. The differences between clustered and independent responses in the context of the case-control design are discussed.
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作者：Antoniadis, A; Gijbels, I; Gregoire, G
作者单位：Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：In this paper we discuss how to use wavelet decompositions to select a regression model. The methodology relies on a minimum description length criterion which is used to determine the number of nonzero coefficients in the vector of wavelet coefficients. Consistency properties of the selection rule are established and simulation studies reveal information on the distribution of the minimum description length selector. We then apply the selection rule to specific problems, including testing for...
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作者：Hu, P; Zelen, M
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
摘要：The lack of statistical theory for the planning of early detection trials has resulted in current trials being sub-optimal. We develop probability models that address three characteristics of early detection trials: (i) the optimal time of analysis and length of follow-up, (ii) the optimal spacing between examinations, and (iii) the planning of trials where the numbers of examinations versus sample size are balanced for fixed costs. The optimisation criterion is to maximise the power of the st...
