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作者：McShane, Blakeley B.; Jensen, Shane T.; Pack, Allan I.; Wyner, Abraham J.
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
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作者：McShane, Blakeley B.; Jensen, Shane T.; Pack, Allan I.; Wyner, Abraham J.
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：We develop methodology that combines statistical learning methods with generalized Markov models, thereby enhancing the former to account for time series dependence. Our methodology can accommodate very general and very long-term time dependence structures in an easily estimable and computationally tractable fashion. We apply our methodology to the scoring of sleep behavior in mice. As methods currently used to score sleep in mice are expensive, invasive, and labor intensive, there is consider...
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作者：Cattaneo, Matias D.; Crump, Richard K.; Jansson, Michael
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：With the aim of improving the quality of asymptotic distributional approximations for nonlinear functionals of nonparametric estimators, this article revisits the large-sample properties of an importantmember of that class, namely a kernel-based weighted average derivative estimator. Asymptotic linearity of the estimator is established under weak conditions. Indeed, we show that the bandwidth conditions employed are necessary in some cases. A bias-corrected version of the estimator is proposed...
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作者：Dette, Holger
作者单位：Ruhr University Bochum
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作者：Lu, Luo; Jiang, Hui; Wong, Wing H.
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Stanford University
摘要：Consider a class of densities that are piecewise constant functions over partitions of the sample space defined by sequential coordinate partitioning. We introduce a prior distribution for a density in this function class and derive in closed form the marginal posterior distribution of the corresponding partition. A computationally efficient method, based on sequential importance sampling, is presented for the inference of the partition from this posterior distribution. Compared to traditional...
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作者：Small, Dylan S.; Cheng, Jing; Halloran, M. Elizabeth; Rosenbaum, Paul R.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：In a case-referent study, cases of disease are compared to noncases with respect to their antecedent exposure to a treatment in an effort to determine whether exposure causes some cases of the disease. Because exposure is not randomly assigned in the population, as it would be if the population were a vast randomized trial, exposed and unexposed subjects may differ prior to exposure with respect to covariates that may or may not have been measured. After controlling for measured preexposure di...
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作者：Bogomolov, Marina; Heller, Ruth
作者单位：Technion Israel Institute of Technology; Tel Aviv University
摘要：We consider the problem of identifying whether findings replicate from one study of high dimension to another, when the primary study guides the selection of hypotheses to be examined in the follow-up study as well as when there is no division of roles into the primary and the follow-up study. We show that existing meta-analysis methods are not appropriate for this problem, and suggest novel methods instead. We prove that our multiple testing procedures control for appropriate error rates. The...
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作者：Chen, Lisha; Dou, Winston Wei; Qiao, Zhihua
作者单位：Yale University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); JP Morgan Chase & Company
摘要：Some existing nonparametric two-sample tests for equality of multivariate distributions perform unsatisfactorily when the two sample sizes are unbalanced. In particular, the power of these tests tends to diminish with increasingly unbalanced sample sizes. In this article, we propose a new testing procedure to solve this problem. The proposed test, based on the nearest neighbor method by Schilling, employs a novel ensemble subsampling scheme to remedy this issue. More specifically, the test sta...
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作者：Liu, Tao; Hogan, Joseph W.; Wang, Lisa; Zhang, Shangxuan; Kantor, Rami
作者单位：Brown University; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Brown University
摘要：The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for monitoring the effectiveness of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment in resource-limited settings are mostly based on clinical and immunological markers (e. g., CD4 cell counts). Recent research indicates that the guidelines are inadequate and can result in high error rates. Viral load (VL) is considered the gold standard, yet its widespread use is limited by cost and infrastructure. In this article, we propose a diagnostic algorithm t...
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作者：Sarkar, Sanat K.; Chen, Jingjing; Guo, Wenge
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Temple University; AstraZeneca; Medimmune; New Jersey Institute of Technology
摘要：Testing multiple null hypotheses in two stages to decide which of these can be rejected or accepted at the first stage and which should be followed up for further testing having had additional observations is of importance in many scientific studies. We develop two procedures, each with two different combination functions, Fisher's and Simes', to combine p-values from two stages, given prespecified boundaries on the first-stage p-values in terms of the false discovery rate (FDR) and controllin...
