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作者：Masini, Ricardo; Medeiros, Marcelo C.
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro; Princeton University
摘要：Recently, there has been growing interest in developing statistical tools to conduct counterfactual analysis with aggregate data when a single treated unit suffers an intervention, such as a policy change, and there is no obvious control group. Usually, the proposed methods are based on the construction of an artificial counterfactual from a pool of untre ated peers, organized in a panel data structure. In this article, we consider a general framework for counterfactual analysis for high-dimen...
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作者：Chiu, Grace S.
作者单位：William & Mary; Virginia Institute of Marine Science
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作者：Jiang, Yingda; Chiu, Chi-Yang; Yan, Qi; Chen, Wei; Gorin, Michael B.; Conley, Yvette P.; Lakhal-Chaieb, M'hamed Lajmi; Cook, Richard J.; Amos, Christopher, I; Wilson, Alexander F.; Bailey-Wilson, Joan E.; McMahon, Francis J.; Vazquez, Ana, I; Yuan, Ao; Zhong, Xiaogang; Xiong, Momiao; Weeks, Daniel E.; Fan, Ruzong
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Laval University; Baylor College of Medicine; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); Michigan State University; Georgetown University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Health Science Center Houston; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD); Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital; Columbia University
摘要：Genetics plays a role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a common cause of blindness in the elderly. There is a need for powerful methods for carrying out region-based association tests between a dichotomous trait like AMD and genetic variants on family data. Here, we apply our new generalized functional linear mixed models (GFLMM) developed to test for gene-based association in a set of AMD families. Using common and rare variants, we observe significant association with two known AMD...
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作者：Diaz-Rodriguez, Jairo; Eckert, Dominique; Monajemi, Hatef; Paltani, Stephane; Sardy, Sylvain
作者单位：Universidad del Norte Colombia; University of Geneva; Stanford University; University of Geneva
摘要：Astrophysicists are interested in recovering the three-dimensional gas emissivity of a galaxy cluster from a two-dimensional telescope image. Blurring and point sources make this inverse problem harder to solve. The conventional approach requires in a first step to identify and mask the point sources. Instead we model all astrophysical components in a single Poisson generalized linear model. To enforce sparsity on the parameters, maximum likelihood estimation is regularized with twopenalties w...
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作者：Imai, Kosuke; Jiang, Zhichao; Malaniam, Anup
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In many social science experiments, subjects often interact with each other and as a result one unit's treatment influences the outcome of another unit. Over the last decade, a significant progress has been made toward causal inference in the presence of such interference between units. Researchers have shown that the two-stage randomization of treatment assignment enables the identification of average direct and spillover effects. However, much of the literature has assumed perfect compliance...
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作者：Li, Xinyi; Wang, Li; Wang, Huixia Judy
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Iowa State University; George Washington University
摘要：This article considers high-dimensional image-on-scalar regression, where the spatial heterogeneity of covariate effects on imaging responses is investigated via a flexible partially linear spatially varying coefficient model. To tackle the challenges of spatial smoothing over the imaging response's complex domain consisting of regions of interest, we approximate the spatially varying coefficient functions via bivariate spline functions over triangulation. We first study estimation when the ac...
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作者：Hirose, Masayo Y.; Lahiri, Partha
作者单位：Kyushu University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Research Organization of Information & Systems (ROIS); Institute of Statistical Mathematics (ISM) - Japan
摘要：The two-level normal hierarchical model has played an important role in statistical theory and applications. In this article, we first introduce a general adjusted maximum likelihood method for estimating the unknown variance component of the model and the associated empirical best linear unbiased predictor of the random effects. We then discuss a new idea for selecting prior for the hyperparameters. The prior, called a multi-goal prior, produces Bayesian solutions for hyperparmeters and rando...
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作者：Wang, Shulei; Cai, T. Tony; Li, Hongzhe
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：The weighted UniFrac distance, a plug-in estimator of the Wasserstein distance of read counts on a tree, has been widely used to measure the microbial community difference in microbiome studies. Our investigation however shows that such a plug-in estimator, although intuitive and commonly used in practice, suffers from potential bias. Motivated by this finding, we study the problem of optimal estimation of the Wasserstein distance between two distributions on a tree from the sampled data in th...
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作者：Jacob, Pierre E.; Gong, Ruobin; Edlefsen, Paul T.; Dempster, Arthur P.
作者单位：Harvard University; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; ESSEC Business School
摘要：We are very grateful to all commenters for their stimulating remarks, questions, as well as useful pointers to the literature which span a wide range of statistical methods over decades of research. We have neither the space nor the knowledge to answer many of the questions raised, and we only aim to offer some clarifications. We hope that readers will be as enthusiastic as ourselves about research on the topics discussed by the commenters. In the following, we refer to Diaconis and Wang as DW...
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作者：Gelman, Andrew; Vehtari, Aki
作者单位：Columbia University; Aalto University
摘要：We review the most important statistical ideas of the past half century, which we categorize as: counterfactual causal inference, bootstrapping and simulation-based inference, overparameterized models and regularization, Bayesian multilevel models, generic computation algorithms, adaptive decision analysis, robust inference, and exploratory data analysis. We discuss key contributions in these subfields, how they relate to modern computing and big data, and how they might be developed and exten...
