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作者：McShane, Blakeley B.; Wyner, Abraham J.
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Predicting historic temperatures based on tree rings, ice cores, and other natural proxies is a difficult endeavor. The relationship between proxies and temperature is weak and the number of proxies is far larger than the number of target data points. Furthermore, the data contain complex spatial and temporal dependence structures which are not easily captured with simple models. In this paper, we assess the reliability of such reconstructions and their statistical significance against various...
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作者：Stingo, Francesco C.; Chen, Yian A.; Tadesse, Mahlet G.; Vannucci, Marina
作者单位：Rice University; H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; Georgetown University
摘要：The vast amount of biological knowledge accumulated over the years has allowed researchers to identify various biochemical interactions and define different families of pathways. There is an increased interest in identifying pathways and pathway elements involved in particular biological processes. Drug discovery efforts, for example, are focused on identifying biomarkers as well as pathways related to a disease. We propose a Bayesian model that addresses this question by incorporating informa...
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作者：Bornkamp, Bjoern; Bretz, Frank; Dette, Holger; Pinheiro, Jose
作者单位：Dortmund University of Technology; Ruhr University Bochum; Novartis; Johnson & Johnson; Johnson & Johnson USA
摘要：Dose-finding studies are frequently conducted to evaluate the effect of different doses or concentration levels of a compound on a response of interest. Applications include the investigation of a new medicinal drug, a herbicide or fertilizer, a molecular entity, an environmental toxin, or an industrial chemical. In pharmaceutical drug development, dose-finding studies are of critical importance because of regulatory requirements that marketed doses are safe and provide clinically relevant eff...
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作者：Percival, Daniel; Roeder, Kathryn; Rosenfeld, Roni; Wasserman, Larry
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：We introduce a new version of forward stepwise regression. Our modification finds solutions to regression problems where the selected predictors appear in a structured pattern, with respect to a predefined distance measure over the candidate predictors. Our method is motivated by the problem of predicting HIV-1 drug resistance from protein sequences. We find that our method improves the interpretability of drug resistance while producing comparable predictive accuracy to standard methods. We a...
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作者：Purdom, Elizabeth
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：In biological experiments researchers often have information in the form of a graph that supplements observed numerical data. Incorporating the knowledge contained in these graphs into an analysis of the numerical data is an important and nontrivial task. We look at the example of metagenomic data-data from a genomic survey of the abundance of different species of bacteria in a sample. Here, the graph of interest is a phylogenetic tree depicting the interspecies relationships among the bacteri...
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作者：Serban, Nicoleta
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
摘要：Research in examining the equity of service accessibility has emerged as economic and social equity advocates recognized that where people live influences their opportunities for economic development, access to quality health care and political participation. In this research paper service accessibility equity is concerned with where and when services have been and are accessed by different groups of people, identified by location or underlying socioeconomic variables. Using new statistical me...
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作者：Zhang, Yu; Zhang, Jing; Liu, Jun S.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Yale University; Harvard University
摘要：Interactions among multiple genes across the genome may contribute to the risks of many complex human diseases. Whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data collected for many thousands of SNP markers from thousands of individuals under the case-control design promise to shed light on our understanding of such interactions. However, nearby SNPs are highly correlated due to linkage disequilibrium (LD) and the number of possible interactions is too large for exhaustive evaluation. We...
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作者：Wang, Sijian; Nan, Bin; Rosset, Saharon; Zhu, Ji
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Tel Aviv University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We propose a computationally intensive method, the random lasso method, for variable selection in linear models. The method consists of two major steps. In step 1, the lasso method is applied to many bootstrap samples, each using a set of randomly selected covariates. A measure of importance is yielded from this step for each covariate. In step 2, a similar procedure to the first step is implemented with the exception that for each bootstrap sample, a subset of covariates is randomly selected ...
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作者：Wang, Yazhen
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Contemporary scientific studies often rely on the understanding of complex quantum systems via computer simulation. This paper initiates the statistical study of quantum simulation and proposes a Monte Carlo method for estimating analytically intractable quantities. We derive the bias and variance for the proposed Monte Carlo quantum simulation estimator and establish the asymptotic theory for the estimator. The theory is used to design a computational scheme for minimizing the mean square err...
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作者：Clements, Robert Alan; Schoenberg, Frederic Paik; Schorlemmer, Danijel
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Southern California; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences
摘要：Modern, powerful techniques for the residual analysis of spatial-temporal point process models are reviewed and compared. These methods are applied to California earthquake forecast models used in the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP). Assessments of these earthquake forecasting models have previously been performed using simple, low-power means such as the L-test and N-test. We instead propose residual methods based on rescaling, thinning, superposition, weighted...
