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作者：Gillespie, Colin S.
作者单位：Newcastle University - UK
摘要：The American Indian War lasted over one hundred years, and is a major event in the history of North America. As expected, since the war commenced in late eighteenth century, casualty records surrounding this conflict contain numerous sources of error, such as rounding and counting. Additionally, while major battles such as the Battle of the Little Bighorn were recorded, many smaller skirmishes were completely omitted from the records. Over the last few decades, it has been observed that the nu...
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作者：Tan, Linda S. L.; Jasra, Ajay; De Iorio, Maria; Ebbels, Timothy M. D.
作者单位：National University of Singapore; University of London; University College London; Imperial College London
摘要：We investigate the effect of cadmium (a toxic environmental pollutant) on the correlation structure of a number of urinary metabolites using Gaussian graphical models (GGMs). The inferred metabolic associations can provide important information on the physiological state of a metabolic system and insights on complex metabolic relationships. Using the fitted GGMs, we construct differential networks, which highlight significant changes in metabolite interactions under different experimental cond...
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作者：Hare, Eric; Hofmann, Heike; Carriquiry, Alicia
作者单位：Iowa State University; Iowa State University
摘要：In 2009, the National Academy of Sciences published a report questioning the scientific validity of many forensic methods including firearm examination. Firearm examination is a forensic tool used to help the court determine whether two bullets were fired from the same gun barrel. During the firing process, rifling, manufacturing defects, and impurities in the barrel create striation marks on the bullet. Identifying these striation markings in an attempt to match two bullets is one of the prim...
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作者：Zhou, Xiang
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Linear mixed models (LMMs) are among the most commonly used tools for genetic association studies. However, the standard method for estimating variance components in LMMs-the restricted maximum likelihood estimation method (REML)-suffers from several important drawbacks: REML requires individual-level genotypes and phenotypes from all samples in the study, is computationally slow, and produces downward-biased estimates in case control studies. To remedy these drawbacks, we present an alternati...
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作者：Quick, Harrison; Waller, Lance A.; Casper, Michele
作者单位：Drexel University; Emory University; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA
摘要：Geographic patterns in stroke mortality have been studied as far back as the 1960s when a region of the southeastern United States became known as the stroke belt due to its unusually high rates. While stroke mortality rates are known to increase exponentially with age, an investigation of spatiotemporal trends by age group at the county level is daunting due to the preponderance of small population sizes and/or few stroke events by age group. In this paper, we implement a multivariate space-t...
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作者：Monti, Ricardo Pio; Anagnostopoulos, Christoforos; Montana, Giovanni
作者单位：Imperial College London; Imperial College London; Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; University of London; King's College London
摘要：In neuroimaging data analysis, Gaussian graphical models are often used to model statistical dependencies across spatially remote brain regions known as functional connectivity. Typically, data is collected across a cohort of subjects and the scientific objectives consist of estimating population and subject-specific connectivity networks. A third objective that is often overlooked involves quantifying inter-subject variability, and thus identifying regions or subnetworks that demonstrate hete...
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作者：Chakrabarti, Deepayan
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Twitter is a popular medium for individuals to gather information and express opinions on topics of interest to them. By understanding who is interested in what topics, we can gauge the public mood, especially during periods of polarization such as elections. However, while the total volume of tweets may be huge, many people tweet rarely, and tweets are short and often noisy. Hence, directly inferring topics from tweets is both complicated and difficult to scale. Instead, the network structure...
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作者：Zablocki, Rong W.; Levine, Richard A.; Schork, Andrew J.; Xu, Shujing; Wang, Yunpeng; Fan, Chun C.; Thompson, Wesley K.
作者单位：California State University System; San Diego State University; California State University System; San Diego State University; Claremont Colleges; Claremont Graduate University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Oslo; Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH); Lundbeckfonden
摘要：While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered thousands of risk loci for heritable disorders, so far even very large meta-analyses have recovered only a fraction of the heritability of most complex traits. Recent work utilizing variance components models has demonstrated that a larger fraction of the heritability of complex phenotypes is captured by the additive effects of SNPs than is evident only in loci surpassing genome-wide significance thresholds, typically set at a Bonfer...
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作者：Nolde, Natalia; Ziegel, Johanna F.
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of Bern
摘要：Conditional forecasts of risk measures play an important role in internal risk management of financial institutions as well as in regulatory capital calculations. In order to assess forecasting performance of a risk measurement procedure, risk measure forecasts are compared to the realized financial losses over a period of time and a statistical test of correctness of the procedure is conducted. This process is known as backtesting. Such traditional backtests are concerned with assessing some ...
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作者：Cantoni, E.; Flemming, J. Mills; Welsh, A. H.
作者单位：University of Geneva; Dalhousie University; Australian National University
摘要：Understanding and reducing the incidence of accidental bycatch, particularly for vulnerable species such as sharks, is a major challenge for contemporary fisheries management worldwide. Bycatch data, most often collected by at-sea observers during fishing trips, are clustered by trip and/ or vessel and typically involve a large number of zero counts and very few positive counts. Though hurdle models are very popular for count data with excess zeros, models for clustered forms have received far...
