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作者：D'Arcy, Eleanor; Tawn, Jonathan A.; Joly, Amelie; Sifnioti, Dafni E.
作者单位：Lancaster University
摘要：Reliable estimates of sea-level return-levels are crucial for coastal flooding risk assessments and for coastal flood defence design. We describe a novel method for estimating extreme sea-levels that is the first to capture seasonality, interannual variations and longer term changes. We use a joint probabilities method, with skew-surge and peak-tide as two sea-level components. The tidal regime is predictable, but skew-surges are stochastic. We present a statistical model for skew-surges, wher...
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作者：Heffernan, Claire; Peng, Roger; Gentner, Drew R.; Koehler, Kirsten; Datta, Abhirup
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Yale University; Johns Hopkins University
摘要：Low-cost air pollution sensors, offering hyperlocal characterization of pollutant concentrations, are becoming increasingly prevalent in environ-mental and public health research. However, low-cost air pollution data can be noisy, biased by environmental conditions, and usually need to be field-calibrated by collocating low-cost sensors with reference-grade instru-ments. We show, theoretically and empirically, that the common procedure of regression-based calibration, using collocated data, sy...
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作者：Xiang, Siqi; Zhang, Wan; Liu, Siyao; Hoadley, Katherine A.; Perou, Charles M.; Zhang, Kai; Marron, J. S.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set, there are many inter-esting nonlinear dependencies between pairs of genes that reveal important relationships and subtypes of cancer. Such genomic data analysis requires a rapid, powerful, and interpretable detection process, especially in a high -dimensional environment. We study the nonlinear patterns among the expres-sion of pairs of genes from TCGA using a powerful tool called binary expan-sion testing. We find many nonlinear patterns, some of wh...
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作者：Li, Sai; Cai, Tianxi; Duan, Rui
作者单位：Renmin University of China; Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
摘要：The limited representation of minorities and disadvantaged populations in large-scale clinical and genomics research poses a significant barrier to translating precision medicine research into practice. Prediction models are likely to underperform in underrepresented populations due to heterogeneity across populations, thereby exacerbating known health disparities. To ad -dress this issue, we propose FETA, a two-way data integration method that leverages a federated transfer learning approach ...
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作者：Cappozzo, Andrea; Ieva, Francesca; Fiorito, Giovanni
作者单位：Polytechnic University of Milan; University of Genoa; IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini
摘要：Recent evidence highlights the usefulness of DNA methylation (DNAm) biomarkers as surrogates for exposure to risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in epidemiological studies and randomized trials. DNAm variability has been demonstrated to be tightly related to lifestyle behavior and expo-sure to environmental risk factors, ultimately providing an unbiased proxy of an individual state of health. At present, the creation of DNAm surrogates relies on univariate penalized regression models, wi...
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作者：Zhu, Yuru; Gu, Jia; Qiu, Yumou; Chen, Song Xi
作者单位：Peking University; Peking University; Peking University
摘要：The real-world performance of vaccines against COVID-19 infections is critically important to counter the pandemics. We propose a varying coefficient stochastic epidemic model to estimate the vaccine protection rates based on the publicly available epidemiological and vaccination data. To tackle the challenges posed by the unobserved state variables, we develop a multistep decentralized estimation procedure that uses different data segments to estimate different parameters. A B-spline structur...
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作者：Sigworth, Elizabeth A.; Rubinstein, Samuel M.; Warner, Jeremy L.; Chen, Yong; Chen, Qingxia
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Vanderbilt University; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：In clinical practice medications are often interchanged in treatment pro-tocols when a patient negatively reacts to their first line of therapy. Although switching between medications is common, clinicians often lack structured guidance when choosing the initial dose and frequency of a new medica-tion, given the former with respect to risk of adverse events. In this paper we propose to establish this dose toxo-equivalence relationship using published clinical trial results with one or both dru...
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作者：Motwani, Keshav; Bacher, Rhonda; Molstad, Aaron j.
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：Categorizing individual cells into one of many known cell-type cate-gories, also known as cell-type annotation, is a critical step in the analy-sis of single-cell genomics data. The current process of annotation is time intensive and subjective, which has led to different studies describing cell types with labels of varying degrees of resolution. While supervised learn-ing approaches have provided automated solutions to annotation, there re-mains a significant challenge in fitting a unified mo...
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作者：Dempsey, Walter
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Coronavirus case-count data has influenced government policies and drives most epidemiological forecasts. Limited testing is cited as the key driver behind minimal information on the COVID-19 pandemic. While expanded testing is laudable, measurement error and selection bias are the two greatest problems limiting our understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic; neither can be fully addressed by increased testing capacity. In this paper we demonstrate their impact on estimation of point prevalence an...
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作者：Elmasri, Mohamad; Labbe, Aurelie; Larocque, Denis; Charlin, Laurent
作者单位：University of Toronto; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal
摘要：Recent statistical methods fitted on large-scale GPS data can provide accurate estimations of the expected travel time between two points. However, little is known about the distribution of travel time, which is key to decision -making across a number of logistic problems. With sufficient data single road-segment travel time can be well approximated. The challenge lies in understanding how to aggregate such information over a route to arrive at the route-distribution of travel time. We develop...
