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作者：Sigworth, Elizabeth A.; Rubinstein, Samuel M.; Warner, Jeremy L.; Chen, Yong; Chen, Qingxia
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Vanderbilt University; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：In clinical practice medications are often interchanged in treatment pro-tocols when a patient negatively reacts to their first line of therapy. Although switching between medications is common, clinicians often lack structured guidance when choosing the initial dose and frequency of a new medica-tion, given the former with respect to risk of adverse events. In this paper we propose to establish this dose toxo-equivalence relationship using published clinical trial results with one or both dru...
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作者：Jiang, Jiming; Li, Yuanyuan; Song, Peter X. K.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This paper concerns analyses of the 2016 and 2020 U.S. presidential election data, including the data of preelection polls and the actual elections. Our analyses unveil statistical evidence of discrepancy between the polls and real elections that is consistent across these two elections. Specifically, the polls had consistently overestimated advantages of the Democratic candidates or, equivalently, underestimated the true population support of the Republican candidate, Donald Trump, in both el...
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作者：Zhang, Shuangjie; Shen, Yuning; Chen, Irene A.; Lee, Juhee
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Many statistical methods have been developed for the analysis of microbial community profiles, but due to the complexity of typical microbiome measurements, inference of interactions between microbial features remains challenging. We develop a Bayesian zero-inflated rounded log-normal kernel method to model interaction between microbial features in a community using multivariate count data in the presence of covariates and excess zeros. The model carefully constructs the interaction structure ...
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作者：Mcneely, Trey; Vincent, Galen; Wood, Kimberly M.; Izbicki, Rafael; Lee, Ann B.
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Mississippi State University; Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
摘要：Our goal is to quantify whether, and if so how, spatiotemporal patterns in tropical cyclone (TC) satellite imagery signal an upcoming rapid intensity change event. To address this question, we propose a new nonparametric test of association between a time series of images and a series of binary event la-bels. We ask whether there is a difference in distribution between (dependent but identically distributed) 24-hour sequences of images preceding an event vs. a nonevent. By rewriting the statis...
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作者：Medous, Estelle; Goga, Camelia; Ruiz-Gazen, Anne; Beaumont, Jean-Francois; Dessertaine, Alain; Puech, Pauline
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Universite Marie et Louis Pasteur; Statistics Canada
摘要：In social and economic surveys, it can be difficult to directly reach units of the target population, and indirect sampling is often advocated to solve this issue. In indirect sampling, the sample is drawn from a frame population that is linked to the target population, and estimation of target population pa-rameters is typically achieved through the generalized weight share method (GWSM). This method provides a weight, for every unit of the target popu-lation, that depends on the one hand, on...
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作者：Bao, Le; Niu, Xiaoyue; Mahy, Mary; Ghys, Peter D.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; UNAIDS
摘要：As the global HIV pandemic enters its fifth decade, increasing numbers of countries use routine HIV testing among pregnant women to monitor their epidemics, allowing governments to look into the epidemics at a finer scale, for example, at subnational levels. Currently, the epidemic model that describes the dynamics of the spread of HIV consists of a set of differential equations and is applied independently to each subnational area. However, the availability of the data varies widely which lea...
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作者：Stival, Mattia; Bernardi, Mauro; Dellaportas, Petros
作者单位：University of Padua; University of London; University College London; Athens University of Economics & Business
摘要：We provide an online framework for analyzing data recorded by smart watches during running activities. In particular, we focus on identifying variations in the behavior of one or more measurements caused by changes in physical condition, such as physical discomfort, periods of prolonged detraining, or even the malfunction of measuring devices. Our framework considers data as a sequence of running activities represented by multivariate time series of physical and biometric data. We combine clas...
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作者：Krantsevich, Chelsea; Hahn, P. Richard; Zheng, Yi; Katz, Charles
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
摘要：Crime prevention strategies based on early intervention depend on accu-rate risk assessment instruments for identifying high-risk youth. It is impor-tant in this context that the instruments be convenient to administer, which means, in particular, that they should also be reasonably brief; adaptive screening tests are useful for this purpose. Adaptive tests constructed using classification and regression trees are becoming a popular alternative to tradi-tional item response theory (IRT) approa...
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作者：Guerrero, Matheus B.; Huser, Raphael; Ombao, Hernando
作者单位：King Abdullah University of Science & Technology
摘要：Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder; it affects more than 50 million people globally. An epileptic seizure acts like a temporary shock to the neuronal system, disrupting normal electrical activity in the brain. Epilepsy is frequently diagnosed with electroencephalograms (EEGs). Current methods study only the time-varying spectra and coherence but do not directly model changes in extreme behavior, neglecting the fact that neuronal oscillations exhibit non-Gaussian heavy-tailed probabili...
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作者：Zhang, B. O.; Mackay, Emily J.; Baiocchi, M. I. K. E.
作者单位：Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania; Stanford University
摘要：Subclassification and matching are often used in empirical studies to adjust for observed covariates; however, they are largely restricted to rela-tively simple study designs with a binary treatment and less developed for designs with a continuous exposure. Matching with exposure doses is partic-ularly useful in instrumental variable designs and in understanding the dose -response relationships. In this article we propose two criteria for optimal sub-classification based on subclass homogeneit...
