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作者：Lu, Ruoqi; Kelz, Rachel; Lorch, Scott; Keele, Luke J.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia
摘要：Cesarean delivery is used when there are problems with the placenta or umbilical cord, for twin pregnancies, and breech births. However, research has found that Cesarean delivery increases the risk of maternal complications like blood transfusions and admission to the intensive care unit. Here, us-ing an instrumental variables study design to reduce bias from unobserved confounders, we study whether Cesarean delivery increases the risk of ma-ternal complications. We use a variant of matching-n...
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作者：Lee, Tingfang; Buchanan, Ashley L.; Katenka, Natallia, V; Forastiere, Laura; Halloran, M. Elizabeth; Friedman, Samuel R.; Nikolopoulos, Georgios
作者单位：University of Rhode Island; University of Rhode Island; Yale University; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; New York University; University of Cyprus
摘要：Evaluating causal effects in the presence of interference is challenging in network-based studies of hard-to-reach populations. Like many such populations, people who inject drugs (PWID) are embedded in social networks and one person's treatment can affect the outcomes of others in the network. In our setting, the study design is observational with a nonrandomized network based HIV prevention intervention. Information is available on each participant and their connections that confer possible ...
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作者：Wang, By Ru; Liang, Ye; Miao, Zhuqi; Liu, Tieming
作者单位：Oklahoma State University System; Oklahoma State University - Stillwater; State University of New York (SUNY) System; SUNY New Paltz; Oklahoma State University System; Oklahoma State University - Stillwater
摘要：With the increasing availability of electronic health records (EHR), sig-nificant progress has been made on developing predictive inference and al-gorithms by health-data analysts and researchers. However, the EHR data are notoriously noisy, due to missing and inaccurate inputs, despite abundant in-formation. One serious problem is that only a small portion of patients in the database has confirmatory diagnoses, while many other patients remain undiagnosed because they did not comply with the ...
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作者：Kuchibhotla, Arun K.; Berk, Richard A.
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Risk assessments to help inform criminal justice decisions have been used in the United States since the 1920s. Over the past several years, statistical learning risk algorithms have been introduced amid much controversy about fairness, transparency and accuracy. In this paper we focus on accuracy for a large department of probation and parole that is considering a major revision of its current, statistical learning risk methods. Because the content of each offender's supervision is substantia...
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作者：Cappozzo, Andrea; Ieva, Francesca; Fiorito, Giovanni
作者单位：Polytechnic University of Milan; University of Genoa; IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini
摘要：Recent evidence highlights the usefulness of DNA methylation (DNAm) biomarkers as surrogates for exposure to risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in epidemiological studies and randomized trials. DNAm variability has been demonstrated to be tightly related to lifestyle behavior and expo-sure to environmental risk factors, ultimately providing an unbiased proxy of an individual state of health. At present, the creation of DNAm surrogates relies on univariate penalized regression models, wi...
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作者：Zhu, Yuru; Gu, Jia; Qiu, Yumou; Chen, Song Xi
作者单位：Peking University; Peking University; Peking University
摘要：The real-world performance of vaccines against COVID-19 infections is critically important to counter the pandemics. We propose a varying coefficient stochastic epidemic model to estimate the vaccine protection rates based on the publicly available epidemiological and vaccination data. To tackle the challenges posed by the unobserved state variables, we develop a multistep decentralized estimation procedure that uses different data segments to estimate different parameters. A B-spline structur...
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作者：Bodnar, Olha; Eriksson, Viktor
作者单位：Orebro University; Uppsala University
摘要：A method originally suggested by Raymond Birge, using what came to be known as the Birge ratio, has been widely used in metrology and physics for the adjustment of fundamental physical constants, particularly in the periodic reevaluation carried out by the Task Group on Fundamental Physical Constants of CODATA (the Committee on Data of the International Science Council). The method involves increasing the reported uncertainties by a multiplicative factor large enough to make the measurement re...
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作者：Li, Yang; Yang, Haoyu; Yu, Haochen; Huang, Hanwen; Shen, Ye
作者单位：Renmin University of China; Renmin University of China; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：Missing values among variables present a challenge in variable selection in the generalized linear model. Common strategies that delete observations with missing information may cause serious information loss. Multiple imputation has been widely used in recent years because it provides unbiased statistical results given a correctly specified imputation model and considers the uncertainty of the missing data. However, variable selection methods in the generalized linear model with multiply-impu...
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作者：Knutson, Victoria; Aleshin-Guendel, Serge; Karlinsky, Ariel; Msemburi, William; Wakefield, Jon
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; World Health Organization; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：Estimating the true mortality burden of COVID-19 for every country in the world is a difficult, but crucial, public health endeavor. Attributing deaths, direct or indirect, to COVID-19 is problematic. A more attainable target is the excess deaths, the number of deaths in a particular period, relative to that expected during normal times, and we develop a model for this endeavor. The excess mortality requires two numbers, the total deaths and the expected deaths, but the former is unavailable f...
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作者：Pura, John A.; Li, Xuechan; Chan, Cliburn; Xie, Jichun
作者单位：US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA); Durham VA Medical Center; Duke University
摘要：In immunology studies, flow cytometry is a commonly used multivari-ate single-cell assay. One key goal in flow cytometry analysis is to detect the immune cells responsive to certain stimuli. Statistically, this problem can be translated into comparing two protein expression probability density func-tions (PDFs) before and after the stimulus; the goal is to pinpoint the regions where these two PDFs differ. Further screening of these differential regions can be performed to identify enriched set...
