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作者：Svara, James H.
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：Establishing a code of ethics has been a challenge in public administration. Ethics is central to the practice of administration, but the broad field of public administration has had difficulty articulating clear and meaningful standards of behavior and developing a means of upholding a code of ethics. Although a number of specialized professional associations in public service adopted codes, starting with the International City/County Management Association in 1924 and others after 1960, the ...
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作者：Eckerd, Adam
作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
摘要：Despite decades of efforts to enhance the public's role in bureaucratic decision making, citizens still tend to have little influence on the decisions that public managers make. Solutions often focus on the processes or structures of participation, but such changes may be of limited effectiveness if the structure is only part of the problem. Although much research has argued the normative justification for including the public, noting that frameworks that do not encourage genuine participation...
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作者：Nelson, Ashlyn Aiko; Balu, Rekha
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
摘要：This article investigates local government responses to fiscal stress through the lens of the K-12 public education sector, examining two major policy options available to school districts for managing fiscal hardship: (1) cutting costs, especially through layoffs, and (2) raising revenues locally through voter referenda. The article employs district-level administrative and survey data from California and Indiana to examine whether school districts exhibit features of a rational or natural sy...
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作者：Aldrich, Ron
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作者：Walker, Michael J.
作者单位：United States Environmental Protection Agency
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作者：Baumann, Carol
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作者：Chu, Eric Liluan
作者单位：National Taiwan University; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Baruch College (CUNY)
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作者：Mead, Lawrence M.
作者单位：New York University
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作者：Campbell, David A.; Lambright, Kristina T.; Wells, Christopher J.
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; Binghamton University, SUNY; State University of New York (SUNY) System; Binghamton University, SUNY; State University of New York (SUNY) System; Binghamton University, SUNY
摘要：This article uses interviews and Internet data to examine social media use among nonprofit organizations and county departments involved in the delivery of human services in a six-county area in south-central New York State. Social media use was modest, with nonprofit organizations much more likely to use it than county departments. Organizations used social media primarily to market organizational activities, remain relevant to key constituencies, and raise community awareness. Most organizat...
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作者：Stewart, Amanda J.; Faulk, Lewis
作者单位：American University
摘要：The Tax Reform Act of 1969 remains the core governing policy for the U.S. foundation sector, primarily for its qualifying distributions mandate, which ensures a baseline spending of foundation assets toward charitable purposes. However, implementation of this policy required additional foundation administrative resources and contributed to significant professionalization of the foundation sector. This article focuses on the payout requirement's potential paradox of accountability, as administr...
