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作者：Deslatte, Aaron; Swann, William L.; Feiock, Richard C.
作者单位：Northern Illinois University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Denver; State University System of Florida; Florida State University
摘要：Local government managers face fundamental, value conflicts when they engage urban land use issues. Despite the planet's ongoing urbanization, managerial influence on land use policy remains an under-examined arena. Local governments are routinely asked to balance economic, ecological, and social equity concerns when making choices between alternative land use policy tools. Are local government sustainable development efforts more strategic, comprehensive, and inclusive than when led by profes...
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作者：Chand, Daniel E.; Schreckhise, William D.; Bowers, Marianne L.
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Kent State University; Kent State University Salem; Kent State University Kent; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Immigration judges (IJs) preside over cases related to immigration law, determining whether an individual should be granted asylum. The few prior studies of IJs have focused on factors of interest to judicial politics scholars, such as characteristics of the judge or applicant in a case. Drawing from public administration literature, we add a new set of factors related to local and state context in which the IJ works. Using multilevel regression analysis, we examine the decisions of 245 IJs ma...
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作者：Tummers, Lars
作者单位：Utrecht University
摘要：Workers on the frontline of public service, such as teachers and social workers, cannot provide unlimited support to all their clients, because of among else scarce time and money. To deal with this, they use various coping strategies. We analyze one important coping strategy such street-level bureaucrats can use: prioritizing motivated clients over unmotivated clients. We study the effect of this coping strategy on job performance, as rated by their supervisors. In other words, do street-leve...
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作者：van der Voet, Joris
作者单位：Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC
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作者：Foged, Soren Kjaer; Aaskoven, Lasse
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：Privatization varies considerably among local governments. One of the oft-listed explanations is the ability of public employees to block privatization. However, many studies on the influence of public employees on privatization do not use very precise measures of the influence of public employees, they have been unable to isolate a one-way effect, and the studies have not been attentive to whether the effect varies for different market forms. In this article, we focus on privatization in Denm...
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作者：Gerrish, Ed; Spreen, Thomas Luke
作者单位：University of South Dakota; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
摘要：Several states monitor the fiscal health of their local governments by benchmarking them-using a suite of financial indicators to track performance over time. Benchmarking of public organizations can facilitate performance management, leading to the spread of best practices and improved organizational performance. It is also possible that benchmarking, absent other performance routines, could create isomorphic pressures that encourage local governments to adopt policies that converge performan...
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作者：Andersen, Simon Calmar
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：Studies of representative bureaucracy have shown how minority groups are often underrepresented in public agencies (passive representation) and that the match between bureaucrats' and clients' racial background has important impacts on minority groups (active representation). Much less attention has been devoted to the question of what influences this link from passive to active representation, and, in this case, what factors moderate how bureaucrats' demographic background transforms into att...
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作者：Destler, Katharine Neem
作者单位：Western Washington University
摘要：The effects of performance management-on organizational outcomes and, to a lesser extent, organizational behavior-have been widely studied. However, we know little about how organizations dominated by street-level bureaucrats respond to performance management reform. Focusing on one large urban school district that adopted performance management reforms in 2007, this article analyzes qualitative and quantitative data to understand how organizational climate shapes street-level bureaucrats' per...
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作者：Connolly, Jennifer M.
作者单位：University of Miami
摘要：A majority of US municipalities now operate under the council-manager form of government, an institutional design that creates a principal-agent problem as the elected council and appointed manager have divergent incentives. Although current scholarship on the council-manager relationship focuses on ex post municipal level outcomes, this study advances the literature by developing a theory of ex ante contracting between principal and agent at the local level. The theory predicts that increasin...
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作者：Olsen, Asmus Leth
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：The question of what is good or poor performance is difficult to answer without applying a reference point-a standard for comparison. Citizens' evaluation of performance information will, therefore, tend to be guided by reference points. We test how reference points alter citizens' evaluation of organizational performance. In this article, drawing on Herbert Simon, we test how citizens use historical (internal) and social (external) reference points when making relative comparisons: how import...
