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作者：Carpenter, SB; Rodgers, WM III
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Employing two widely used approaches to identify the effects of monetary policy, this paper explores the differential impact of policy on the labor market outcomes of teenagers, minorities, out-of-school youth, and less-skilled individuals. Evidence from recursive vector autoregressions and autoregressive distributed lag models that use information on the Federal Reserve contractionary initiatives indicate that the employment-population ratio of minorities is more sensitive to contractionary m...
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作者：Stewart, TR; Mumpower, JL
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Albany, SUNY
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作者：Buddin, R; Zimmer, R
作者单位：RAND Corporation; RAND Corporation; Pardee RAND Graduate School
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作者：Haider, SJ; Schoeni, RF; Bao, YH; Danielson, C
作者单位：Michigan State University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：The welfare reform bill adopted in the United States in 1996 limited the eligibility of immigrants for several government assistance programs, and early projections estimated that nearly half of the savings associated with the reforms would come from these immigrant restrictions. Several studies have found that subsequent program participation declined more for immigrants relative to natives, seemingly verifying the early projections. However, many of these restrictions were either rescinded b...
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作者：Walder, JH; Verma, SK
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作者：Carpenter, C
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：This paper uses the widespread variation across states in the timing of adoption of tougher drunk driving laws that set very low legal blood alcohol limits for drivers under age 21-zero tolerance (ZT) laws-to provide new evidence on the causal effect of alcohol use on youth suicide. ZT laws reduced heavy episodic drinking by underage men, with no effect for slightly older males. I estimate the reduced form effect of ZT policy adoption on suicide deaths among 15-17-, 18-20-, 21-24-, and 25-29-y...
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作者：Buddin, R; Zimmer, R
作者单位：RAND Corporation; RAND Corporation; Pardee RAND Graduate School
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作者：Moore, MA; Boardman, AE; Vining, AR; Weimer, DL; Greenberg, DH
作者单位：Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore County
摘要：A major reason the quality of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) varies widely is inconsistent use of the social discount rate (SDR). This article offers guidance about the choice of the SDR. Namely, we recommend the following procedures: If the project is intragenerational (does not have effects beyond 50 years) and there is no crowding out of private investment, then discount all flows at 3.5 percent; if the project is intragenerational and there is some crowding out of investment, then weight inve...
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作者：Bardach, E
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
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作者：Sloan, FA; Trogdon, JG
作者单位：Duke University; University of Adelaide
摘要：In 1998, 46 states and the four major tobacco companies signed the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA), which stipulated that the tobacco companies pay states $206 billion over 25 years and take steps to reduce youth smoking. The remaining states settled separately. We sought to determine the effect of the settlements on demand for cigarettes. Using a nationwide sample from 1990 to 2002, we estimated a model of the decision to smoke cigarettes. The settlements affected smoking primarily through ...
