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作者：Boyd, D; Lankford, H; Loeb, S; Wyckoff, J
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Albany, SUNY; Stanford University
摘要：This paper explores a little-understood aspect of labor markets, their spatial geography. Using data from New York State, we find teacher labor markets to be geographically very small. Teachers express preferences to teach close to where they grew up and, controlling for proximity, they prefer areas with characteristics similar to their hometown. We discuss implications of these preferences for the successful recruitment of teachers, including the potential benefits of local recruiting and tra...
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作者：Campbell, DE; West, MR; Peterson, PE
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; Harvard University
摘要：We use data from a sample of applicants to a national means-tested school voucher program and a national sample of the population eligible for the program to evaluate the factors leading families to use school vouchers. Our analysis divides the process of voucher usage into two distinct stages: initial application and subsequent take-up. Using a nested logit model, we find that some factors, like religious affiliation and religious service attendance, affect both stages. Others, like mothers e...
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作者：Potoski, M; Prakash, A
作者单位：Iowa State University; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：Voluntary environmental programs are codes of progressive environmental conduct that firms pledge to adopt. This paper investigates whether ISO 14001, a voluntary program with a weak sword-a weak monitoring and sanctioning mechanism-can mitigate shirking and improve participants' environmental performance. Sponsored by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO 14001 is the most widely adopted voluntary environmental program in the world. Our analysis of over 3,000 facilitie...
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作者：McGregor, EB Jr
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
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作者：Hamilton, JT
作者单位：Duke University
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作者：Bifulco, R; Duncombe, W; Yinger, J
作者单位：University of Connecticut; Syracuse University
摘要：Thousands of schools around the country have implemented whole-school reform programs to boost student performance. This paper uses quasi-experimental methods to estimate the impact of whole-school reform on students' reading performance in New York City, where various reform programs were adopted in dozens of troubled elementary schools in the mid-1990s. This paper complements studies based on random assignment by examining a broad-based reform effort and explicitly accounting for implementat...
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作者：Tauras, JA
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：In the wake of significant budget shortfalls, 37 states and the District of Columbia have recently increased cigarette excise taxes to boost revenues. This study examines the impact of increasing the price of cigarettes, which will occur as a consequence of cigarette excise tax increases, and implementing restrictions on smoking in private worksites, restaurants, government worksites, healthcare facilities, and other public places on young adult smoking progression. This paper employs national...
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作者：Sizer, TR
作者单位：Harvard University; Brandeis University; Brown University
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作者：Alm, J; Lee, F; Wallace, S
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：In this paper, we determine how tax law and income distribution changes have separately contributed to the changes in tax progressivity over time, and also how a specific pre-tax distribution of income affects the equalizing ability of a given tax change. We use information from the Current Population Survey for years that follow immediately after significant tax law changes or after the full enactment of these changes to measure the effect of income taxes on income distribution for selected y...
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作者：Bitler, MP; Currie, J
作者单位：RAND Corporation; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Support for WIC, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, is based on the belief that WIC works. This consensus has lately been questioned by researchers who point out that most WIC research fails to properly control for selection into the program. This paper evaluates the selection problem using rich data from the national Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. We show that relative to Medicaid mothers, all of whom are eligible for WIC, WIC participan...
