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作者：HOOTON, CG
摘要：Political scientists often consider the place of standard operating procedures (SOPs) in shaping bureaucratic responsiveness to ''top-down'' direction, but our writing only infrequently considers the processes and ease by which bureaucratic routines, decision standards, and SOPs adjust to produce new, outputs. This article explores the change of routines, decision standards, and SOPs from a behavioral perspective to portray bureaucratic behavior and policy as something other than a static func...
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作者：KHADEMIAN, AM
摘要：If there is a clear bottom line to the literature on political control of the bureaucracy, if is that control is never complete. Principals cart be multiple, priorities diverse, preferences for policy incomplete and not articulated, and intentional choice lost in the muddle. Yet as long as bureaucratic studies remain focused upon outside political actors, or at best, the political appointee at the helm of an agency, we will not make many advances in our understanding of important organizationa...
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作者：RABE, BG; ZIMMERMAN, JB
摘要：Environmental regulatory fragmentation along the medium boundaries of air, land, and water in Canada and the United States serves to shift pollutants from medium to medium rather than contain or eliminate them. This pattern is particularly evident in the Great Lakes Basin where many of the most pressing environmental problems stem from pollutant transfer across medium or jurisdictional lines. The impediments to more integrated environmental regulation remain considerable in the Basin, and incl...
