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作者：HUQUE, AS
摘要：Development programs in Bangladesh have been affected in the past by unequal emphasis on infrastructure and people-building. Some programs emphasize the hardware of development, which provides physical facilities that are supposed to make life move comfortable for rural citizens. The hardware must be supplemented by software, which will enable rural inhabitants to make optimum utilization of physical facilities, This important aspect has been neglected in the past, although some programs made ...
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作者：LAZIN, FA
摘要：This article attempts to clarify some of the issues in the debate over the study of policy implementation, in particular the disagreements between proponents of the top-down versus bottom-up approaches. It proposes use of a modified rep-down perspective which bridges the assumed dichotomy between policy formulation, enactment, and an implementation process and addresses many of the concerns of the bottom-up research strategy. This new perspective portrays implementation as part of a single ong...
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作者：WILSON, GK; ATKINSON, M
作者单位：McMaster University
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作者：RAMESH, M
摘要：This article analyzes the effects of economic globalization on public policy in Singapore, which has the would's most globalized economy. It finds that contrary to the assumption of much of the literature on the subject, it is the state, rather than systemic imperatives, that has played the most decisive role in shaping the form and scope of the economy's globalization. Its examination of the effects of globalization on policy choices in three broad areas - economic development, national secur...
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作者：GRABOSKY, PN
作者单位：Australian National University
摘要：This article explores means by which non-governmental institutions and resources, both commercial and voluntary, may be enlisted in the interest of regulatory compliance. Following a discussion of non-governmental social control, it reviews the basic institutional forms of indirect governance through which third-party ''co-production'' of compliance might occur, It then discusses the basic issues which arise when certain public functions ave delegated to or devolve upon private interests, and ...
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作者：HOOTON, CG
摘要：Political scientists often consider the place of standard operating procedures (SOPs) in shaping bureaucratic responsiveness to ''top-down'' direction, but our writing only infrequently considers the processes and ease by which bureaucratic routines, decision standards, and SOPs adjust to produce new, outputs. This article explores the change of routines, decision standards, and SOPs from a behavioral perspective to portray bureaucratic behavior and policy as something other than a static func...
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作者：KHADEMIAN, AM
摘要：If there is a clear bottom line to the literature on political control of the bureaucracy, if is that control is never complete. Principals cart be multiple, priorities diverse, preferences for policy incomplete and not articulated, and intentional choice lost in the muddle. Yet as long as bureaucratic studies remain focused upon outside political actors, or at best, the political appointee at the helm of an agency, we will not make many advances in our understanding of important organizationa...
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作者：PETERS, BG; HOOD, C
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Two elements have characterized the rewards for public officials in the past two decades. One is the erosion of pay and perquisites in many democratic countries. The other is a continuing variety of rewards, especially when compared to those in the private sector Using data from a variety of OECD countries and the European Union, this article investigates alternative explanations for these two elements. The data is adjusted for purchasing power of the different currencies and then related to t...
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作者：RABE, BG; ZIMMERMAN, JB
摘要：Environmental regulatory fragmentation along the medium boundaries of air, land, and water in Canada and the United States serves to shift pollutants from medium to medium rather than contain or eliminate them. This pattern is particularly evident in the Great Lakes Basin where many of the most pressing environmental problems stem from pollutant transfer across medium or jurisdictional lines. The impediments to more integrated environmental regulation remain considerable in the Basin, and incl...
