1999

最新文章

• Tools for inventing organizations: Toward a handbook of organizational processes AI翻译
  作者：Malone, TW; Crowston, K; Lee, J; Pentland, B; Dellarocas, C; Wyner, G; Quimby, J; Osborn, CS; Bernstein, A; Herman, G; Klein, M; O'Donnell, E
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Syracuse University; University of Hawaii System; Michigan State University
  摘要：This paper describes a novel theoretical and empirical. approach to tasks such as business process redesign and knowledge management. The project involves collecting examples of how different organizations perform similar processes, and organizing these examples in an on-line process handbook. The handbook is intended to help people: (1) redesign existing organizational processes, (2) invent new organizational processes (especially ones that take advantage of information technology), and (3) s...
• Dynamic routing and operational controls in Workflow Management Systems AI翻译
  作者：Kumar, A; Zhao, JL
  作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
  摘要：Businesses around the world are paying more attention to process management and process automation to improve organizational efficiency and effectiveness. Ln this paper, we describe a general framework for implementing dynamic routing and operational control mechanisms in Workflow Management Systems (WMSs). The framework consists of three techniques: workflow control tables, sequence constraints, and event-based workflow management rules. Our approach offers several unique features that are mi...
• Anticipating the consequences of school reform: A new use of DEA AI翻译
  作者：Grosskopf, S; Hayes, KJ; Taylor, LL; Weber, WL
  作者单位：Oregon State University; Southern Methodist University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Dallas
  摘要：We use DEA-type Linear programming techniques to simulate a basic component of educational reform-eliminating restrictions on the allocation of school personnel. Our technique allows us to identify potential output gains (or equivalently potential cost savings) from reform. We can also identify which personnel groups are likely to gain and lose under this reform. When we apply our model to a sample of Texas school districts, we find evidence that the educational establishment has substantial e...
• Correlations and copulas for decision and risk analysis AI翻译
  作者：Clemen, RT; Reilly, T
  作者单位：Duke University; Babson College
  摘要：The construction of a probabilistic model is a key step in most decision and risk analyses. Typically this is done by defining a joint distribution in terms of marginal and conditional distributions for the model's random variables. We describe an alternative approach that uses a copula to construct joint distributions and pairwise correlations to incorporate dependence among the variables. The approach is designed specifically to permit the use of an expert's subjective judgments of marginal ...
• The effects of low inventory on the development of productivity norms AI翻译
  作者：Schultz, KL; Juran, DC; Boudreau, JW
  作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; IU Kelley School of Business; Columbia University; Cornell University
  摘要：Low inventory, a crucial part of just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing systems, enjoys increasing application worldwide, vet the behavioral effects of such systems remain largely unexplored. Operations research (OR) models of low-inventory systems typically use a simplifying assumption that processing times of individual workers are independent random variables. This leads to predictions that low-inventory systems will exhibit production interruptions leading to lower productivity. Yet empirical re...
• A periodic review inventory model with demand influenced by promotion decisions AI翻译
  作者：Cheng, F; Sethi, SP
  作者单位：International Business Machines (IBM); IBM USA; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas
  摘要：In this paper, we use a Markov decision process (MDP) to model the joint inventory-promotion decision problem. The state variable of the MDP represents the demand state brought about by changing environmental factors as well as promotion decisions. The demand state in a period determines the distribution of the random demand in that period. Optimal inventory and promotion decision policies in the finite horizon problem are obtained via dynamic programming. Under certain conditions, we show tha...
• Information aggregation and communication in organizations AI翻译
  作者：Jehiel, P
  作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole des Ponts ParisTech
  摘要：Operating units must communicate their private information regarding decisions to be taken in organizations. This paper characterizes the optimal communication structures assuming that (i) a decision maker is fired whenever he makes a decision that proves wrong ex post relative to the status quo; and ii) direct communication in a group of k units may result in the loss of messages with a probability that solely depends on the group size. Several levels of partitioning with direct communication...
• Operations, quality, and profitability in the provision of banking services AI翻译
  作者：Soteriou, A; Zenios, SA
  作者单位：University of Cyprus
  摘要：We develop a framework for combining strategic benchmarking marking of the services offered by bank branches, In particular, a cascade of efficiency with efficiency benchmarking models is developed guided by the service-profit chain. Three models-based on the nonparametric technique of Data Envelopment Analysis-are developed in order to implement the framework in a practical setting: (i) an operational efficiency model, (ii) a service quality efficiency model, and (iii) a profitability efficie...
• JIT manufacturing: A survey of implementations in small and large US manufacturers AI翻译
  作者：White, RE; Pearson, JN; Wilson, JR
  作者单位：University of North Texas System; University of North Texas Denton; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
  摘要：Since the early 1980s, the diffusion of Just-In-Time (JIT) manufacturing from Japanese manufacturers to U.S. manufacturers has progressed at an accelerated rate. At this stage of the diffusion process, JIT implementations are more common and more advanced in large U.S. manufacturers than in small; consequently, U.S. businessmen's understanding of issues associated with JIT implementations in large manufacturers is more developed than that of small manufacturers. When small manufacturers repres...
• The internalization of exports: Firm- and location-specific factors in a middle-income country AI翻译
  作者：Campa, JM; Guillén, MF
  作者单位：New York University; Institute for Advanced Study - USA; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：Firms make strategic choices about foreign market access on the basisof location factors in the home and export countries, as well as on their ownership advantages. The empirical analysis is based on a sample of 837 manufacturing companies in a typical middle-income country (Spain), in which firms are starting to internationalize through investments or alliances in distribution. Following theoretical expectations, the greater the level of such ownership factors as intangible technological asse...