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作者：Knott, AM
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：This study develops a dual-routines view of the dynamic value of hierarchy, and tests it against the implicit null hypothesis that hierarchy merely provides static advantages over markets. The view holds that hierarchical managers perform two roles that create value for firms in perpetuity-an administrative role of enforcing operational routine, and an entrepreneurial role of executing a metaroutine that continually revises operational routine to keep pace with changes in the environment. The ...
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作者：Chen, FR; Federgruen, A; Zheng, YS
作者单位：Columbia University; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：We address a fundamental two-echelon distribution system in which the sales volumes of the retailers are endogenously determined on the basis of known demand functions. Specifically, this paper studies a distribution channel where a supplier distributes a single product to retailers, who in turn sell the product to consumers. The demand in each retail market arrives continuously at a constant rate that is a general decreasing function of the retail price in the market. We have characterized an...
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作者：Chick, SE; Inoue, K
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Although simulation is widely used to select the best of several alternative system designs, and common random numbers is an important tool for reducing the computation effort of simulation experiments, there are surprisingly few tools available to help a simulation practitioner select the best system when common random numbers are employed. This paper presents new two-stage procedures that use common random numbers to help identify the best simulated system. The procedures allow for screening...
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作者：Krishnan, V; Ulrich, KT
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：his paper is a review of research in product development, which we define as the transformation of a market opportunity into a product available for sale. Our review is broad, encompassing work in the academic fields of marketing, operations management, and engineering design. The value of this breadth is in conveying the shape of the entire-research landscape. We focus on product development projects within a single firm. We also devote our attention to the development of physical goods, alth...
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作者：Vanhoucke, M; Demeulemeester, E; Herroelen, W
作者单位：KU Leuven
摘要：In this paper we study the resource-constrained project-scheduling problem with discounted cash flows. Each activity of this resource-constrained project-scheduling problem has certain resource requirements and a known deterministic cash flow that can be either positive or negative. Deterministic cash flows are assumed to occur over the duration of the activities. Progress payments and cash outflows occur at the completion of activities. The objective is to schedule the activities subject to a...
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作者：Sherali, HD; Smith, JC
作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; University of Arizona
摘要：In this paper, we focus on a useful modeling concept that is frequently ignored while formulating discrete optimization problems. Very often, there exists a natural symmetry inherent in the problem itself that, if propagated to the model, can hopelessly mire a branch-and-bound solver by burdening it to explore and eliminate such alternative symmetric solutions. We discuss three applications where such a symmetry arises: a telecommunications network design problem, a noise pollution problem, an...
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作者：Lauritzen, SL; Nilsson, D
作者单位：Aalborg University
摘要：We introduce the notion of LImited Memory Influence Diagram (LIMID) to describe multistage decision problems in which the traditional assumption of no forgetting is relaxed. This can be relevant in situations with multiple decision makers or when decisions must be prescribed under memory constraints, such as in partially observed Markov decision processes (POMDPs). We give an algorithm for improving any given strategy by local computation of single policy updates and investigate conditions for...
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作者：Butler, J; Morrice, DJ; Mullarkey, PW
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Managers of large industrial projects often measure performance by multiple attributes. For example, our paper is motivated by the simulation of a large industrial project called a land seismic survey, in which project performance is based on duration, cost, and resource utilization. To address these types of problems, we develop a ranking and selection procedure for making comparisons of systems (e.g., project configurations) that have multiple performance measures. The procedure combines mul...
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作者：Grahovac, J; Chakravarty, A
作者单位：Tulane University
摘要：The emergence of carriers that deliver items to geographically dispersed destinations quickly rand at a reasonable cost,: combined with the low cost of sharing information through networked databases, has opened up new opportunities to better manage inventory. We investigate these benefits in the context of a supply chain in which a manufacturer supplies;expensive, low-demand items to vertically integrated or autonomous retailers via one central depot. The manufacturer's lead time is assumed t...
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作者：Oliva, R; Sterman, JD
作者单位：Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：The erosion of service quality throughout the economy is a frequent concern in the popular press. The American Customer Satisfaction Index for services fell in 2000 to 69.4%, down 5 percentage points from 1994. We hypothesize that the characteristics of services-inseparability intangibility and labor intensity-interact with management practices to bias service providers toward reducing the level of service they deliver, often locking entire industries into a vicious cycle of eroding service st...
