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作者：Roberts, Jeffrey A.; Hann, Il-Horn; Slaughter, Sandra A.
作者单位：Duquesne University; University of Southern California; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：Understanding what motivates participation is a central theme in the research on open source software (OSS) development. Our study contributes by revealing how the different motivations of OSS developers are interrelated, how these motivations influence participation leading to performance, and how past performance influences subsequent motivations. Drawing on theories of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, we develop a theoretical model relating the motivations, participation, and. performanc...
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作者：Economides, Nicholas; Katsamakas, Evangelos
作者单位：New York University; Fordham University
摘要：Technology platforms, such as Microsoft Windows, are the hubs of technology industries. We develop a framework to characterize the optimal two-sided pricing strategy of a platform firm; that is, the pricing strategy toward the direct users of the platform as well as toward firms offering applications that are complementary to the platform. We compare industry structures based on a proprietary platform (such as Windows) with those based on an open source platform (such as Linux), and analyze th...
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作者：Bonaccorsi, Andrea; Giannangeli, Silvia; Rossi, Cristina
作者单位：University of Pisa; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna; Polytechnic University of Milan
摘要：The paper analyzes the strategies of software firms that have entered the open source (OS) field. The notion of the OS business model is discussed in the light of a substantial body of theoretical literature concerning strategic management and the economics of innovation, as well as specialized literature on OS. Empirical evidence based on a survey of 146 Italian software firms shows that firms have adapted to an environment dominated by incumbent standards by combining the offering of proprie...
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作者：Baldwin, Carliss Y.; Clark, Kim B.
作者单位：Harvard University; Brigham Young University
摘要：This paper argues that the architecture of a codebase is a critical factor that lies at the heart of the open source development process. We define two observable properties of an architecture: (1) modularity and (2) option value. Developers can often make informed judgments about modularity and option value from early, partially implemented code releases. We show that codebases that are more modular or have more option value (1) increase developers' incentives to join and remain involved in a...
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作者：MacCormack, Alan; Rusnak, John; Baldwin, Carliss Y.
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：This paper reports data from a study that seeks to characterize the differences in design structure between complex software products. We use design structure matrices (DSMs) to map dependencies between the elements of a design and define metrics that allow us to compare the structures of different designs. We use these metrics to compare the architectures of two software products-the Linux operating system and the Mozilla Web browser-that were developed via contrasting modes of organization: ...
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作者：von Krogh, Georg; von Hippel, Eric
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Breaking with many established assumptions about how innovation ought to work, open source software projects offer eye-opening examples of novel innovation practices for students and practitioners in many fields. In this article we briefly review existing research on the open source phenomenon and discuss the utility of open source software research findings for many other fields. We categorize the research into three areas: motivations of open source software contributors; governance, organiz...
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作者：Kuk, George
作者单位：University of Nottingham
摘要：In stark contrast with the fully participative bazaar imagery of open source software (OSS) development, some recent empirical research has pointed out that much of the OSS development is carried out by a small percentage of developers. This raises serious concerns that concentration of development effort on a few will limit knowledge sharing and underutilize the available resources. Using the notion of strategic interaction, this paper argues that individual developers often interact strategi...
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作者：Grewal, Rajdeep; Lilien, Gary L.; Mallapragada, Girish
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：The community-based model for software development in open source environments is becoming a viable alternative to traditional firm-based models. To better understand the workings of open source environments, we examine the effects of network embeddedness-or the nature of the relationship among projects and developers-on the success of open source projects. We find that considerable heterogeneity exists in the network embeddedness of open source projects and project managers. We use a visual r...
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作者：Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon; Ghemawat, Pankaj
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：This paper analyzes a dynamic mixed duopoly in which a profit-maximizing competitor interacts with a competitor that prices at zero (or marginal cost), with the cumulation of output affecting their relative positions over time. The modeling effort is motivated by interactions between Linux, an open source operating system, and Microsoft's Windows and consequently emphasizes demand-side learning effects that generate dynamic scale economies (or network externalities). Analytical characterizatio...
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作者：Shah, Sonali K.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：Open source software projects rely on the voluntary efforts of thousands of software developers, yet we know little about why developers choose to participate in this collective development process. This paper inductively derives a framework for understanding participation from the perspective of the individual software developer based on data from two software communities with different governance structures. In both communities, a need for software-related improvements drives initial partici...
