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作者：Baum, JAC; Oliver, C
作者单位：York University - Canada
摘要：In this study, we demonstrate how the ecological and institutional characteristics of organizational niches affect the likelihood of organizational foundings. We describe and measure key ecological, institutional, organizational, and spatial properties of organizational niches. Our theoretical framework emphasizes how the effects of ecological and institutional processes vary both within and between nonprofit and for-profit sectors and across levels of geographic aggregation. An analysis of da...
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作者：Bauer, TN; Green, SG
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：This longitudinal study examines the development of leader-member-exchange (LMX) relationships via a model that extends and tests ideas presented but not yet fully tested in past theoretical models. New subordinates (n=205) and their supervisors (n=112) provided data that were used to test hypotheses stating that dyadic gender and personality similarity, member performance, and leader delegation would be incrementally and cumulatively related to LhlX development. Support was found for relation...
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作者：Nohria, N; Gulati, R
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：This article suggests that there is an inverse U-shaped relationship between slack and innovation in organizations: both too much and too little slack may be detrimental to innovation. Two related mechanisms governing this relationship are proposed: Slack fosters greater experimentation but also diminishing discipline over innovative projects, resulting in the hypothesized curvilinear relationship. Comprehensive worldwide data on 264 functional departments of two multinational corporations sup...
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作者：Usher, JM; Evans, MG
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：Despite the topic's centrality to theorizing in organizational ecology, no study has examined in detail how founding, failure, and transformation events combine over time to achieve population-level change. We examined Darwinian and Lamarckian processes of population reconfiguration within the gasoline retail industry at two nested levels of analysis, studying both individual outlets and parent companies. Our findings demonstrate how Darwinian processes at the unit (outlet) level may lead to L...
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作者：Ashforth, BE; Saks, AM
摘要：In this longitudinal field study, we used self-report data provided by business school graduates after four months and ten months on. new jobs to assess (1) the effects of the six socialization tactics from Van Maanen and Schein's (1979) typology on newcomer adjustment and (2) refinements of existing measures of the investiture tactic and role innovation. Results indicate that the tactics, clustered into an institutionalized (vs. individualized) approach, were negatively related to attempted a...
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作者：Sharma, A; Kesner, IF
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
摘要：Links between theoretically determined preentry conditions and the postentry performance of diversifying entries made by large industrial firms are examined. Industry, firm, and relatedness variables explained up to 26 percent of the variance in performance, which was measured as the survival, sales growth, and market share growth of entrant businesses. Selling and advertising intensity in an entered industry, scale of entry, and the interaction of scale and seller concentration have strong in...
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作者：Becker, TE; Billings, RS; Eveleth, DM; Gilbert, NL
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Washington State University
摘要：Previous research has found that employee commitment and job performance are largely unrelated. However, prior work has not distinguished among individual foci (targets) and bases (motives) of commitment. We found, as expected, that commitment to supervisors was positively related to performance and was more strongly associated with performance than was commitment to organizations. Further, internalization of supervisors' and organizations' values was associated with performance but identifica...
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作者：Edwards, JR
摘要：This study examined two versions of the person-environment (P-E) fit approach to stress, one representing the fit between environmental supplies and employee values [S-V fit], and another the fit between environmental demands and employee abilities (D-A fit). Hypotheses based on three competing models derived from the P-E fit literature were tested with a procedure that overcomes problems with the measurement and analysis of fit. Results indicated that the relationships of S-V and D-A fit with...
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作者：Swaminathan, A
摘要：Unobserved heterogeneity in organizational frailty and population level learning suggest a particular relationship between environmental conditions at founding and organizational mortality. Organizations founded in adverse environments experience higher initial mortality rates. However, beyond a certain age, survivors among such organizations have mortality rates that are lower than those of organizations founded in less adverse environments. These predictions are supported in analyses of the ...
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作者：Miller, KD; Leiblein, MJ
作者单位：University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia
摘要：This study tested a model of firm risk-return relations in which risk was conceptualized in terms of downside outcomes. Drawing on the behavioral theory of the firm, we developed a set of hypotheses involving downside risk, return, and organizational slack, The hypothesized risk and return relations were tested using both downside risk and the conventional standard deviation of returns. The results indicate downside risk results in improved subsequent performance, Performance shows a negative ...
