作者：David, P; Hitt, MA; Gimeno, J
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; INSEAD Business School
摘要：Researchers have assumed that large ownership stakes held by institutional investors grant them power to influence R&D investments, We found that ownership alone was insufficient and that institutions resorted to activism to influence R&D investments. Institutional activism increased R&D inputs over both the short and long terms. The nature of the activism and the strategic context of the R&D investment moderated the relationship. Further, R&D inputs mediated the effect of activism on R&D outp...
作者：Douglas, TJ; Judge, WQ Jr
作者单位：Clemson University; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville
摘要：We explored the relationship between the degree to which total quality management (TQM) practices were adopted within organizations and the corresponding competitive advantages achieved. We found relatively strong support for this relationship, In addition, our data showed some support for the moderating influence of organizational structure on TQM implementation effectiveness. Specifically, two measures of organizational structure, labeled control and exploration, were found to offer independ...
