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作者：Leana, Carrie; Appelbaum, Eileen; Shevchuk, Iryna
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：In this study we conducted performance assessments in 62 childcare centers and surveyed 232 teachers and aides, to examine the extent to which workers crafted their jobs and how such crafting affected classroom quality. Results show that individual and collaborative job crafting are distinct constructs; work discretion is related to both; and collaborative crafting is positively related to performance, particularly for less experienced teachers. Further, collaborative crafting is associated wi...
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作者：Pil, Frits K.; Leana, Carrie
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：We investigated the effects of teacher human and social capital on growth in student performance in a sample of 1,013 teachers organized into 239 grade teams. We found that teacher human capital that is specific to a setting and task, and some indicators of teacher social capital, predicted student performance improvement. At the team level, average educational attainment and horizontal tie strength were significant predictors of student improvement. We provide some evidence that team horizont...
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作者：Dencker, John C.; Gruber, Marc; Shah, Sonali K.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：We build on multiple theoretical perspectives to investigate the unique and joint effects of individual- and opportunity-level factors affecting job creation in new firms. We tested hypotheses using survey data from individuals who transitioned from unemployment to self-employment under the auspices of a German public policy program. Our findings reveal that an entrepreneur's breadth of knowledge has a negative influence on the firm's job creation, whereas the entrepreur's leadership experienc...
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作者：Madsen, Peter M.
作者单位：Brigham Young University
摘要：Many fear that the mobility of corporate investment creates a race to the bottom in international environmental regulations as firms invest in the countries with the weakest environmental protections. But the relationship between environmental regulation and investment is poorly understood. I hypothesize that intercountry institutional distance and firm environmental capabilities moderate the relationship between the stringency of a country's environmental regulations and firms' investment in ...
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作者：Weber, Klaus; Davis, Gerald F.; Lounsbury, Michael
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Alberta
摘要：We examine the antecedents and consequences in developing countries of creating a national stock exchange, a core technology of financial globalization. We study local conditions and global institutional pressures in the rapid spread of exchanges since the 1980s and examine how conditions at the point of adoption affected exchanges' subsequent vibrancy. Little prior research connects the process of diffusion with the operational performance of adopted policies. We find that international coerc...
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作者：Lee, Brandon H.
作者单位：University of London; London Business School
摘要：Little is known about the relationship between industry self-regulation organizations and the diffusion of policy content. Using the organic food industry as a context, this study examines the relationship between local and federated standards-based certification organizations and specific changes in U.S. state laws. The study's findings indicate that local structures correspond to greater legal innovation and elaboration, but less variation. Conversely, federated structures correspond to less...
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作者：McDermott, Gerald A.; Corredoira, Rafael A.; Kruse, Gregory
作者单位：University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：In this article, we argue that the ability of a firm to access a variety of knowledge resources and, in turn, upgrade its products depends on its being tied not simply to any or many organizations and institutions, but rather to those that act as social and knowledge bridges between previously isolated producer communities. Through a multimethod analysis of the recent transformation of the Argentine wine industry, we highlight how distinct governance rules for new government support institutio...
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作者：Huang, Kenneth G.; Murray, Fiona E.
作者单位：Singapore Management University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Knowledge-based firms seeking competitive advantage often draw on the public knowledge stream (ideas embedded in public commons institutions) as the foundation for private knowledge (ideas firms protect through private intellectual property [IP] institutions). However, understanding of the converse relationship-the impact of private knowledge strategies on public knowledge production-is limited. We examine this question in human genetics, where policy makers debate expanding IP ownership over ...
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作者：Cuervo-Cazurra, Alvaro; Dau, Luis Alfonso
作者单位：University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia
摘要：This study proposes that promarket reforms positively affect firms' profitability in developing countries because the accompanying improvements in external monitoring decrease firms' agency costs. We also argue that firms benefit unequally from promarket reforms because their agency problems are affected differently, proposing that promarket reforms improve profitability more for domestic state-owned and domestic private firms than for subsidiaries of foreign firms. Analyses of the 500 largest...
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作者：Kochan, Thomas A.; Guillen, Mauro F.; Hunter, Larry W.; O'Mahony, Siobran
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Pennsylvania; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Boston University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
