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作者：Fang, Hanming; Gavazza, Alessandro
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; New York University
摘要：We investigate the effects of the institutional settings of the US health care system on individuals' life-cycle medical expenditures. Health is a form of general human capital; labor turnover and labor-market frictions prevent an employer-employee pair from capturing the entire surplus from investment in an employee's health. Thus, the pair underinvests in health during working years, thereby increasing medical expenditures during retirement. We provide empirical evidence consistent with the ...
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作者：Hornstein, Andreas; Krusell, Per; Violante, Giovanni L.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Richmond; Stockholm University; New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We propose a new measure of frictional wage dispersion: the mean-min wage ratio. For a large class of search models, we show that this measure is independent of the wage-offer distribution but depends on statistics of labor-market turnover and on preferences. Under plausible preference parameterizations, observed magnitudes for worker flows imply that in the basic search model, and in most of its extensions, frictional wage dispersion is very small. Notable exceptions are some of the most rece...
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作者：Bianchi, Javier
作者单位：New York University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
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作者：Goldfarb, Avi; Xiao, Mo
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Arizona
摘要：We examine US local telephone markets shortly after the Telecommunications Act of 1996. The data suggest that more experienced, better-educated managers tend to enter markets with fewer competitors. This motivates a structural econometric model based on behavioral game theory that allows heterogeneity in managers' ability to conjecture competitor behavior. We find that manager characteristics are key determinants in managerial ability. This estimate of ability predicts out-of-sample success. A...
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作者：Enikolopov, Ruben; Petrova, Maria; Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina
作者单位：New Economic School; New Economic School; Paris School of Economics
摘要：This paper compares electoral outcomes of 1999 parliamentary elections in Russia among geographical areas with differential access to the only national TV channel independent from the government. It was available to three-quarters of Russia's population and its signal availability was idiosyncratic, conditional on observables. Independent TV decreased aggregate vote for the government party by 8.9 percentage points, increased the combined vote for major opposition parties by 6.3 percentage poi...
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作者：Taylor, M. Scott
作者单位：University of Calgary; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In the sixteenth century, North America contained 25 to 30 million buffalo; by the late nineteenth century fewer than 100 remained. While removing the buffalo east of the Mississippi took over 100 years, the remaining 10 to 15 million buffalo on the Great Plains were killed in a punctuated slaughter lasting little more than ten years. I employ theory, international trade statistics, and first-person accounts to argue the slaughter was initiated by a foreign-made innovation and fueled by a fore...
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作者：Gentzkow, Matthew; Shapiro, Jesse M.; Sinkinson, Michael
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：We use new data on entries and exits of US daily newspapers from 1869 to 2004 to estimate effects on political participation, party vote shares, and electoral competitiveness. Our identification strategy exploits the precise timing of these events and allows for the possibility of confounding trends. We focus our analysis on the years 18691928, and we use the remaining years of data to look at changes over time. We find that newspapers have a robust positive effect on political participation, ...
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作者：Knittel, Christopher R.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper estimates the technological progress that has occurred since 1980 in the automobile industry and the trade-offs faced when choosing between fuel economy, weight, and engine power characteristics. The results suggest that if weight, horsepower, and torque were held at their 1980 levels, fuel economy could have increased by nearly 60 percent from 1980 to 2006. Once technological progress is considered, meeting the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards adopted in 2007 will re...
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作者：Board, Simon
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
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作者：Acemoglu, Daron; Cantoni, Davide; Johnson, Simon; Robinson, James A.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Munich; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
