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作者：Oster, Emily; Shoulson, Ira; Dorsey, E. Ray
作者单位：Brown University; Georgetown University; University of Rochester
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作者：Gertler, Paul J.; Shelef, Orie; Wolfram, Catherine D.; Fuchs, Alan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; The World Bank
摘要：We study household decisions to acquire energy-using assets in the presence of rising incomes. We develop a theoretical framework to characterize the effect of income growth on asset purchases when consumers face credit constraints. We use large and plausibly exogenous shocks to household income generated by the conditional-cash-transfer program in Mexico, Oportunidades, to show that asset acquisition is nonlinear, depends, as predicted in the presence of credit constraints, on the pace of inc...
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作者：Attema, Arthur E.; Bleichrodt, Han; Gao, Yu; Huang, Zhenxing; Wakker, Peter P.
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Polytechnic University of Milan; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics
摘要：We introduce a new method to measure the temporal discounting of money. Unlike preceding methods, our method requires neither knowledge nor measurement of utility. It is easier to implement, clearer to subjects, and requires fewer measurements than existing methods.
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作者：Bartos, Vojtech; Bauer, Michal; Chytilova, Julie; Matejka, Filip
作者单位：Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Charles University Prague; Charles University Prague
摘要：We integrate tools to monitor information acquisition in field experiments on discrimination and examine whether gaps arise already when - decision makers choose the effort level for reading an application. In both countries we study, negatively stereotyped minority names reduce employers' effort to inspect resumes. In contrast, minority names increase information acquisition in the rental housing market. Both results are consistent with a model of endogenous allocation of costly attention, wh...
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作者：Kee, Hiau Looi; Tang, Heiwai
作者单位：The World Bank; Johns Hopkins University
摘要：China has defied the declining trend in domestic content in exports in many countries. This paper studies China's rising domestic content in exports using firm- and customs transaction-level data. The approach embraces firm heterogeneity and hence reduces aggregation bias. The study finds that the substitution of domestic for imported materials by individual processing exporters caused China's domestic content in exports to increase from 65 to 70 percent in the period 2000-2007. Such substitut...
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作者：Bagde, Surendrakumar; Epple, Dennis; Taylor, Lowell
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Public policy in modern India features affirmative action programs intended to reduce inequality that stems from a - centuries-old caste structure and history of disparate treatment by gender. We study the effects of one such affirmative action program: an admissions policy that fixes percentage quotas, common across more than 200 engineering colleges, for disadvantaged castes and for women. We show that the program increases college attendance of targeted students, particularly at relatively ...
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作者：Dessein, Wouter; Galeotti, Andrea; Santos, Tano
作者单位：Columbia University; European University Institute
摘要：This paper studies optimal communication flows in organizations. A production process can be coordinated ex ante, by letting agents stick to a prespecified plan of action. Alternatively, agents may adapt to task-specific shocks, in which case tasks must be coordinated ex post, using communication. When attention is scarce, an optimal organization coordinates only a few tasks ex post. Those tasks are higher performing, more adaptive to the environment, and influential. Hence, scarce attention r...
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作者：Kelly, Bryan; Lustig, Hanno; Van Nieuwerburgh, Stijn
作者单位：University of Chicago; Stanford University; New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：We examine the pricing of financial crash insurance during the 2007-2009 financial crisis in US option markets, and we show that a large amount of aggregate tail risk is missing from the cost of financial sector crash insurance during the crisis. The difference in costs between out-of-the-money put options for individual banks and puts on the financial sector index increases four-fold from its precrisis 2003-2007 level. We provide evidence that a collective government guarantee for the financi...
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作者：Ellison, Glenn; Swanson, Ashley
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：This paper uses data from the American Mathematics Competitions to examine the rates at which different high schools produce-high-achieving math students. There are large differences in the frequency with which students from seemingly similar schools reach high achievement levels. The distribution of unexplained school effects includes a thick tail of schools that produce many more high-achieving students than is typical. Several additional analyses suggest that the differences are not primari...
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作者：Emerick, Kyle; de Janvry, Alain; Sadoulet, Elisabeth; Dar, Manzoor H.
作者单位：Tufts University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We use a randomized experiment in India to show that improved technology enhances agricultural productivity by crowding in modern inputs and cultivation practices. Specifically, we show that a new rice variety that reduces downside risk by providing flood tolerance has positive effects on adoption of a more labor-intensive planting method, area cultivated, fertilizer usage, and credit utilization. We find that a large share of the expected gains from the technology comes from crowding in of ot...
