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作者：Bénabou, R; Tirole, J
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We develop a theory of internal commitments or personal rules based on self-reputation over one's willpower, which transforms lapses into precedents that undermine future self-restraint. The foundation for this mechanism is the imperfect recall of past motives and feelings, leading people to draw inferences from their past actions. The degree of self-control an individual can achieve is shown to rise with his self-confidence and decrease with prior external constraints. On the negative side, i...
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作者：Ekeland, I; Heckman, JJ; Nesheim, L
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of Chicago; University of London; University College London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; University College London
摘要：This paper considers the identification and estimation of hedonic models. We establish that in an additive version of the hedonic model, technology and preferences are generically nonparametrically identified from data on demand and supply in a single hedonic market. The empirical literature that claims that hedonic models estimated on data from a single market are fundamentally underidentified is based on arbitrary linearizations that do not use all the information in the model. The exact eco...
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作者：Ryoo, JW; Rosen, S
作者单位：Kookmin University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; University of Chicago
摘要：This paper develops a dynamic supply and demand model of occupational choice and applies it to the engineering profession. The model is largely successful in understanding data in the U. S. engineering labor market. The engineering market responds strongly to economic forces. The demand for engineers responds to the price of engineering services and demand shifters. More important, supply and enrollment decisions are remarkably sensitive to career prospects in engineering. Also a rational mode...
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作者：Miguel, E; Satyanath, S; Sergenti, E
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; New York University
摘要：Estimating the impact of economic conditions on the likelihood of civil conflict is difficult because of endogeneity and omitted variable bias. We use rainfall variation as an instrumental variable for economic growth in 41 African countries during 1981-99. Growth is strongly negatively related to civil conflict: a negative growth shock of five percentage points increases the likelihood of conflict by one-half the following year. We attempt to rule out other channels through which rainfall may...
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作者：Dynan, KE; Skinner, J; Zeldes, SP
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University
摘要：The question of whether higher - lifetime income households save a larger fraction of their income was the subject of much debate in the 1950s and 1960s, and while not resolved, it remains central to the evaluation of tax and macroeconomic policies. We resolve this longstanding question using new empirical methods applied to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the Survey of Consumer Finances, and the Consumer Expenditure Survey. We find a strong positive relationship between saving rates and l...
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作者：Berry, S; Levinsohn, J; Pakes, A
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Harvard University
摘要：In this paper, we consider how rich sources of information on consumer choice can help to identify demand parameters in a widely used class of differentiated products demand models. Most important, we show how to use second-choice data on automotive purchases to obtain good estimates of substitution patterns in the automobile industry. We use our estimates to make out-of-sample predictions about important recent changes in industry structure.
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作者：Davis, SJ; Murphy, KM; Topel, RH
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We analyze entry, pricing, and product design in a model with differentiated products. Market equilibrium can be separating, with multiple sellers and a sorting of heterogeneous consumers across goods, or exclusionary, with one seller serving all customer types. Entry into an initially monopolized market can occur because of cost reductions or product improvements, but entry need not lower the incumbent's price, improve efficiency, or raise consumer welfare. Post-entry design incentives favor ...
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作者：Klette, TJ; Kortum, S
作者单位：University of Oslo; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We develop a parsimonious model of innovation to confront firm-level evidence. It captures the dynamics of individual heterogeneous firms, describes the behavior of an industry with firm entry and exit, and delivers a general equilibrium model of technological change. While unifying the theoretical analysis of firms, industries, and the aggregate economy, the model yields insights into empirical work on innovating firms. It accounts for the persistence of firms' R&D investment, the concentrati...
