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作者：Edlin, Aaron S.; Karaca-Mandic, Pinar
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; RAND Corporation
摘要：We estimate auto accident externalities ( more specifically insurance externalities) using panel data on state-average insurance premiums and loss costs. Externalities appear to be substantial in traffic-dense states: in California, for example, we find that the increase in traffic density from a typical additional driver increases total statewide insurance costs of other drivers by $1,725-$3,239 per year, depending on the model. High-traffic density states have large economically and statisti...
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作者：Murphy, Kevin M.; Topel, Robert H.
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We develop a framework for valuing improvements in health and apply it to past and prospective reductions in mortality in the United States. We calculate social values of (i) increased longevity over the twentieth century, (ii) progress against various diseases after 1970, and (iii) potential future progress against major diseases. Cumulative gains in life expectancy after 1900 were worth over $1.2 million to the representative American in 2000, whereas post-1970 gains added about $3.2 trillio...
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作者：Kuziemko, Ilyana; Werker, Eric
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Ten of the 15 seats on the U. N. Security Council are held by rotating members serving two-year terms. We find that a country's U. S. aid increases by 59 percent and its U. N. aid by 8 percent when it rotates onto the council. This effect increases during years in which key diplomatic events take place (when members' votes should be especially valuable), and the timing of the effect closely tracks a country's election to, and exit from, the council. Finally, the U. N. results appear to be driv...
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作者：Cagetti, Marco; De Nardi, Mariacristina
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：This paper constructs and calibrates a parsimonious model of occupational choice that allows for entrepreneurial entry, exit, and investment decisions in the presence of borrowing constraints. The model fits very well a number of empirical observations, including the observed wealth distribution for entrepreneurs and workers. At the aggregate level, more restrictive borrowing constraints generate less wealth concentration and reduce average firm size, aggregate capital, and the fraction of ent...
