作者：Krueger, AB
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper analyzes data on 11,600 students and their teachers who were randomly assigned to different size classes from kindergarten through third grade. Statistical methods are used to adjust for nonrandom attrition and transitions between classes. The main conclusions are (1) on average, performance on standardized tests increases by four percentile points the first year students attend small classes; (2) the test score advantage of students in small classes expands by about one percentile ...
作者：Dotsey, M; King, RG; Wolman, AL
作者单位：University of Virginia; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Richmond; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Economists have long suggested that nominal product prices are changed infrequently because of fixed costs. In such a setting, optimal price adjustment should depend on the state of the economy. Yet, while widely discussed, state-dependent pricing has proved difficult to incorporate into macroeconomic models. This paper develops a new, tractable theoretical state-dependent pricing framework. We use it to study how optimal pricing depends on the persistence of monetary shocks, the elasticities ...
