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作者：Acemoglu, D; Linn, J
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper investigates the effect of ( potential) market size on entry of new drugs and pharmaceutical innovation. Focusing on exogenous changes driven by U. S. demographic trends, we find a large effect of potential market size on the entry of nongeneric drugs and new molecular entities. These effects are generally robust to controlling for a variety of supply-side factors and changes in the technology of pharmaceutical research.
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作者：Hall, RE
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：I estimate adjustment costs for labor and capital from the Euler equations for factor demand. For both factors, I find relatively strong evidence against substantial adjustment costs. My estimates use annual data from two-digit industries. My results support the view that rents arising from adjustment costs are relatively small and are not an important part of the explanation of the large movements of the values of corporations in relation to the reproduction costs of their capital. I investig...
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作者：Fryer, RG Jr; Levitt, SD
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Chicago
摘要：In the 1960s Blacks and Whites chose relatively similar first names for their children. Over a short period of time in the early 1970s, that pattern changed dramatically with most Blacks ( particularly those living in racially isolated neighborhoods) adopting increasingly distinctive names, but a subset of Blacks actually moving toward more assimilating names. The patterns in the data appear most consistent with a model in which the rise of the Black Power movement influenced how Blacks percei...
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作者：Lee, DS; Moretti, E; Butler, MJ
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：There are two fundamentally different views of the role of elections in policy formation. In one view, voters can affect candidates' policy choices: competition for votes induces politicians to move toward the center. In this view, elections have the effect of bringing about some degree of policy compromise. In the alternative view, voters merely elect policies: politicians cannot make credible promises to moderate their policies, and elections are merely a means to decide which one of two opp...
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作者：Dehejia, R; Lleras-Muney, A
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Princeton University
摘要：We study the relationship between the unemployment rate at the time of a baby's conception and parental characteristics, parental behaviors, and babies' health. Babies conceived in times of high unemployment have a reduced incidence of low and very low birth weight, fewer congenital malformations, and lower postneonatal mortality. These health improvements are attributable both to selection ( changes in the type of mothers who conceive during recessions) and to improvements in health behavior ...
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作者：Barbera, S; Jackson, MO
作者单位：Autonomous University of Barcelona; California Institute of Technology
摘要：Constitutional arrangements affect the decisions made by a society. We study how this effect leads to preferences of citizens over constitutions; and ultimately how this has a feedback that determines which constitutions can survive in a given society. Constitutions are stylized here, to consist of a voting rule for ordinary business and possibly a different voting rule for making changes to the constitution. We define an equilibrium notion for constitutions, called self-stability, whereby und...
