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作者：Fryer, RG Jr; Levitt, SD
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Chicago
摘要：In the 1960s Blacks and Whites chose relatively similar first names for their children. Over a short period of time in the early 1970s, that pattern changed dramatically with most Blacks ( particularly those living in racially isolated neighborhoods) adopting increasingly distinctive names, but a subset of Blacks actually moving toward more assimilating names. The patterns in the data appear most consistent with a model in which the rise of the Black Power movement influenced how Blacks percei...
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作者：Castro, R
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作者：Fernández, R; Fogli, A; Olivetti, C
作者单位：New York University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; Boston University
摘要：This paper argues that the growing presence of a new type of man-one brought up in a family in which the mother worked-has been a significant factor in the increase in female labor force participation over time. We present cross-sectional evidence showing that the wives of men whose mothers worked are themselves significantly more likely to work. We use variation in the importance of World War II as a shock to women's labor force participation-as proxied by variation in the male draft rate acr...
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作者：Lee, DS; Moretti, E; Butler, MJ
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：There are two fundamentally different views of the role of elections in policy formation. In one view, voters can affect candidates' policy choices: competition for votes induces politicians to move toward the center. In this view, elections have the effect of bringing about some degree of policy compromise. In the alternative view, voters merely elect policies: politicians cannot make credible promises to moderate their policies, and elections are merely a means to decide which one of two opp...
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作者：Dehejia, R; Lleras-Muney, A
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Princeton University
摘要：We study the relationship between the unemployment rate at the time of a baby's conception and parental characteristics, parental behaviors, and babies' health. Babies conceived in times of high unemployment have a reduced incidence of low and very low birth weight, fewer congenital malformations, and lower postneonatal mortality. These health improvements are attributable both to selection ( changes in the type of mothers who conceive during recessions) and to improvements in health behavior ...
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作者：Reinhart, CM; Rogoff, KS
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Harvard University
摘要：We develop a novel system of reclassifying historical exchange rate regimes. One key difference between our study and previous classifications is that we employ monthly data on market-determined parallel exchange rates going back to 1946 for 153 countries. Our approach differs from the IMF official classification (which we show to be only a little better than random); it also differs radically from all previous attempts at historical reclassification. Our classification points to a rethinking ...
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作者：Akhmedov, A; Zhuravskaya, E
作者单位：Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper tests the theory of opportunistic cycles in a decade-old democracy Russia-finds strong evidence of cycles, and provides an explanation for why previous literature often found weaker evidence. Using regional monthly panel data, we find that (1) the budget cycle is sizable and short-lived; public spending shifts toward direct monetary transfers to voters; (2) the magnitude of the cycle decreases with democracy, government transparency, media freedom, voter awareness, and over time; an...
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作者：Davis, JH
作者单位：The Vanguard Group, Inc.
摘要：As a remedy for the notorious deficiency of pre-Civil War U.S. macroeconomic data, this study introduces an annual index of American industrial production consistently defined from 1790 until World War I. The index incorporates 43 quantity-based annual series (most entirely new) in the manufacturing and mining industries in a manner similar to the Federal Reserve Board's monthly industrial production index. The index changes our view of the growth and volatility of the U. S. economy before Wor...
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作者：Schott, PK
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper exploits product-level U.S. import data to test trade theory. Although the United States increasingly sources the same products from both high- and low-wage countries, unit values within products vary systematically with exporter relative factor endowments and exporter production techniques. These facts reject factor-proportions specialization across products but are consistent with such specialization within products. The data are inconsistent with new trade theory models predictin...
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作者：Niepelt, D
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：I examine the fiscal theory of the price level according to which non-Ricardian policy and predetermined nominal government debt fiscally determine prices. I argue that the non-Ricardian policy assumption and, by implication, fiscal price level determination are inconsistent with an equilibrium in which all asset holdings reflect optimal household choices. In such an equilibrium, policy must be Ricardian even if, in some states of nature, the government defaults or commits to an arbitrary real...
