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作者：Ferguson, Thomas; Voth, Hans-Joachim
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Boston; ICREA; Pompeu Fabra University; Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI)
摘要：This paper examines the value of connections between German industry and the Nazi movement in early 1933. Drawing on previously unused contemporary sources about management and supervisory board composition and stock returns, we find that one out of seven firms, and a large proportion of the biggest companies, had substantive links with the National Socialist German Workers' Party. Firms supporting the Nazi movement experienced unusually high returns, outperforming unconnected ones by 5% to 8%...
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作者：Nunn, Nathan
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Can part of Africa's current underdevelopment be explained by its slave trades? To explore this question, I use data from shipping records and historical documents reporting slave ethnicities to construct estimates of the number of slaves exported from each country during Africa's slave trades. I find a robust negative relationship between the number of slaves exported from a country and current economic performance. To better understand if the relationship is causal, I examine the historical ...
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作者：Gabaix, Xavier; Landier, Augustin
作者单位：New York University; New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research
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作者：Gentzkow, Matthew; Shapiro, Jesse M.
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We use heterogeneity in the timing of television's introduction to different local markets to identify the effect of preschool television exposure on standardized test scores during adolescence. Our preferred point estimate indicates that an additional year of preschool television exposure raises average adolescent test scores by about 0.02 standard deviations. We are able to reject negative effects larger than about 0.03 standard deviations per year of television exposure. For reading and gen...
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作者：Ranciere, Romain; Tornell, Aaron; Westermann, Frank
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; Paris School of Economics; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; University Osnabruck
摘要：Countries that have experienced occasional financial crises have, on average, grown faster than countries with stable financial conditions. Because financial crises are realizations of downside risk, we measure their incidence by the skewness of credit growth. Unlike variance, negative skewness isolates the impact of the large, infrequent, and abrupt credit busts associated with crises. We find a robust negative link between skewness and GDP growth in a large sample of countries over 1960-2000...
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作者：Autor, David H.; Scarborough, David
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Black Hills State University
摘要：Because minorities typically fare poorly on standardized tests, job testing is thought to pose an equality-efficiency trade-off. testing improves selection but reduces minority hiring. We develop a conceptual framework to assess when this trade-off is likely to apply and evaluate the evidence for such a trade-off using hiring and productivity data from a national retail firm whose 1,363 stores switched from informal to test-based worker screening over the course of one year. We document that t...
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作者：Trebbi, Francesco; Aghion, Philippe; Alesina, Alberto
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Chicago; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：This paper studies the choice of electoral rules and in particular the question of minority representation. Majorities tend to disenfranchise minorities through strategic manipulation of electoral rules. With the aim of explaining changes in electoral rules adopted by U.S. cities, particularly in the South, we show why majorities tend to adopt winner-take-all city-wide rules (at-large elections) in response to an increase in the size of the minority when the minority they are facing is relativ...
