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作者：Rothstein, Jesse
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Growing concerns over the inadequate achievement of US. students have led to proposals to reward good teachers and penalize (or fire) bad ones. The leading method for assessing teacher quality is value added modeling (VAM), which decomposes students' test scores into components attributed to student heterogeneity and to teacher quality. Implicit in the VAM approach are strong assumptions about the nature of the educational production function and the assignment of students to classrooms. In th...
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作者：Riboni, Alessandro; Ruge-Murcia, Francisco J.
作者单位：Universite de Montreal
摘要：This paper studies the theoretical and empirical implications of monetary policy making by committee under four different voting protocols. The protocols are a consensus model, where a supermajority is required for a policy change; an agenda-setting model, where the chairman controls the agenda; a dictator model, where the chairman has absolute power over the committee; and a simple majority model, where policy is determined by the median member. These protocols give preeminence to different a...
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作者：Atkeson, Andrew; Chari, Varadarajan V.; Kehoe, Patrick J.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In standard monetary policy approaches, interest-rate rules often produce indeterminacy. A sophisticated policy approach does not. Sophisticated policies depend on the history of private actions, government policies, and exogenous events and can differ on and off the equilibrium path. They can uniquely implement any desired competitive equilibrium. When interest rates are used along the equilibrium path, implementation requires regime-switching. These results are robust to imperfect informatio...
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作者：Cohen, Jessica; Dupas, Pascaline
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：It is often argued that cost-sharing-charging a subsidized, positive price-for a health product is necessary to avoid wasting resources on those who will not use or do not need the product. We explore this argument through a field experiment in Kenya, in which we randomized the price at which prenatal clinics could sell long-lasting antimalarial insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) to pregnant women. We find no evidence that cost-sharing reduces wastage on those who will not use the product: wo...
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作者：Bertrand, Marianne; Karlan, Dean; Mullainathan, Sendhil; Shafir, Eldar; Zinman, Jonathan
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Yale University; Harvard University; Princeton University; Dartmouth College; Yale University; Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA); Harvard University; Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA)
摘要：Firms spend billions of dollars developing advertising content, yet there is little field evidence on how much or how it affects demand. We analyze a direct mail field experiment in South Africa implemented by a consumer lender that randomized advertising content, loan price, and loan offer deadlines simultaneously. We find that advertising content significantly affects demand. Although it was difficult to predict ex ante which specific advertising features would matter most in this context, t...
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作者：Duarte, Margarida; Restuccia, Diego
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：We investigate the role of sectoral labor productivity in explaining the process of structural transformation-the secular reallocation of labor across sectors-and the time path of aggregate productivity across countries. We measure sectoral labor productivity across countries using a model of the structural transformation. Productivity differences across countries are large in agriculture and services and smaller in manufacturing. Over time, productivity gaps have been substantially reduced in...
