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作者：Madestam, Andreas; Shoag, Daniel; Veuger, Stan; Yanagizawa-Drott, David
作者单位：Stockholm University; Harvard University
摘要：Can protests cause political change, or are they merely symptoms of underlying shifts in policy preferences? We address this question by studying the Tea Party movement in the United States, which rose to prominence through coordinated rallies across the country on Tax Day, April 15, 2009. We exploit variation in rainfall on the day of these rallies as an exogenous source of variation in attendance. We show that good weather at this initial, coordinating event had significant consequences for ...
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作者：Ludema, Rodney D.; Mayda, Anna Maria
作者单位：Georgetown University
摘要：International trade agreements are an important element of the world economic system, but questions remain as to their purpose. The terms-of-trade hypothesis posits that countries use tariffs in part to improve their terms of trade and that trade agreements cause them to internalize the costs that such terms-of-trade shifts impose on other countries. This article investigates whether the most-favored-nation (MFN) tariffs set by World Trade Organization (WTO) members in the Uruguay Round are co...
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作者：Lyn, Gary; Rodriguez-Clare, Andres
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Lowell; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Recently, Gene Grossman and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg (GRH; External Economies and International Trade: Redux, Quarterly Journal of Economics 125 [2010], 829-858) proposed a novel way to think about the implications of international trade in the presence of national external economies at the industry level. Instead of perfect competition and two industries, GRH assume Bertrand competition and a continuum of industries. GRH conclude that the equilibrium is unique if transport costs are low, that t...
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作者：Duflo, Esther; Greenstone, Michael; Pande, Rohini; Ryan, Nicholas
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University
摘要：In many regulated markets, private, third-party auditors are chosen and paid by the firms that they audit, potentially creating a conflict of interest. This article reports on a two-year field experiment in the Indian state of Gujarat that sought to curb such a conflict by altering the market structure for environmental audits of industrial plants to incentivize accurate reporting. There are three main results. First, the status quo system was largely corrupted, with auditors systematically re...
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作者：Young, Alwyn
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Using population and product consumption data from the Demographic and Health Surveys, I construct comparable measures of inequality and migration for 65 countries, including some of the poorest countries in the world. I find that the urban-rural gap accounts for 40% of mean country inequality and much of its cross-country variation. One out of every four or five individuals raised in rural areas moves to urban areas as a young adult, where they earn much higher incomes than nonmigrant rural p...
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作者：Mian, Atif; Rao, Kamalesh; Sufi, Amir
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago
摘要：We investigate the consumption consequences of the 2006-9 housing collapse using the highly unequal geographic distribution of wealth losses across the United States. We estimate a large elasticity of consumption with respect to housing net worth of 0.6 to 0.8, which soundly rejects the hypothesis of full consumption risk-sharing. The average marginal propensity to consume (MPC) out of housing wealth is 5-7 cents with substantial heterogeneity across ZIP codes. ZIP codes with poorer and more l...
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作者：Ben-David, Itzhak; Graham, John R.; Harvey, Campbell R.
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Duke University
摘要：Using a unique 10-year panel that includes more than 13,300 expected stock market return probability distributions, we find that executives are severely miscalibrated, producing distributions that are too narrow: realized market returns are within the executives' 80% confidence intervals only 36% of the time. We show that executives reduce the lower bound of the forecast confidence interval during times of high market uncertainty; however, ex post miscalibration is worst during periods of high...
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作者：Hastings, Justine S.; Shapiro, Jesse M.
作者单位：Brown University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago
摘要：We formulate a test of the fungibility of money based on parallel shifts in the prices of different quality grades of a commodity. We embed the test in a discrete-choice model of product quality choice and estimate the model using panel microdata on gasoline purchases. We find that when gasoline prices rise, consumers substitute to lower octane gasoline, to an extent that cannot be explained by income effects. Across a wide range of specifications, we consistently reject the null hypothesis th...
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作者：Walker, W. Reed
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This article uses linked worker-firm data in the United States to estimate the transitional costs associated with reallocating workers from newly regulated industries to other sectors of the economy in the context of new environmental regulations. The focus on workers rather than industries as the unit of analysis allows me to examine previously unobserved economic outcomes such as nonemployment and long-run earnings losses from job transitions, both of which are critical to understanding the ...
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作者：Kojima, Fuhito; Pathak, Parag A.; Roth, Alvin E.
作者单位：Stanford University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Accommodating couples has been a long-standing issue in the design of centralized labor market clearinghouses for doctors and psychologists, because couples view pairs of jobs as complements. A stable matching may not exist when couples are present. This article's main result is that a stable matching exists when there are relatively few couples and preference lists are sufficiently short relative to market size. We also discuss incentives in markets with couples. We relate these theoretical r...
