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作者：Garthwaite, Craig; Gross, Tal; Notowidigdo, Matthew J.
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University; University of Chicago
摘要：We study the effect of public health insurance on labor supply by exploiting a large public health insurance disenrollment. In 2005, approximately 170,000 Tennessee residents abruptly lost Medicaid coverage. Using both across- and within-state variation in exposure to the disenrollment, we estimate large increases in labor supply, primarily along the extensive margin. The increased employment is concentrated among individuals working at least 20 hours a week and receiving private, employer-pro...
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作者：Cantoni, Davide; Yuchtman, Noam
作者单位：University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We present new data documenting medieval Europe's Commercial Revolution using information on the establishment of markets in Germany. We use these data to test whether medieval universities played a causal role in expanding economic activity, examining the foundation of Germany's first universities after 1386 following the papal schism. We find that the trend rate of market establishment breaks upward in 1386 and this break is greatest where the distance to a university shrank most. There is n...
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作者：Puga, Diego; Trefler, Daniel
作者单位：Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of Toronto
摘要：International trade can have profound effects on domestic institutions. We examine this proposition in the context of medieval Venice circa 800-1600. Early on, the growth of long-distance trade enriched a broad group of merchants who used their newfound economic muscle to push for constraints on the executive, that is, for the end of a de facto hereditary Doge in 1032 and the establishment of a parliament in 1172. The merchants also pushed for remarkably modern innovations in contracting insti...
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作者：Gollin, Douglas; Lagakos, David; Waugh, Michael E.
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; New York University
摘要：According to national accounts data, value added per worker is much higher in the nonagricultural sector than in agriculture in the typical country, particularly in developing countries. Taken at face value, this agricultural productivity gap suggests that labor is greatly misallocated across sectors. In this article, we draw on new micro evidence to ask to what extent the gap is still present when better measures of sector labor inputs and value added are taken into consideration. We find tha...
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作者：Karlan, Dean; Osei, Robert; Osei-Akoto, Isaac; Udry, Christopher
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Ghana; Yale University
摘要：The investment decisions of small-scale farmers in developing countries are conditioned by their financial environment. Binding credit market constraints and incomplete insurance can limit investment in activities with high expected profits. We conducted several experiments in northern Ghana in which farmers were randomly assigned to receive cash grants, grants of or opportunities to purchase rainfall index insurance, or a combination of the two. Demand for index insurance is strong, and insur...
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作者：Agarwal, Sumit; Lucca, David; Seru, Amit; Trebbi, Francesco
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of British Columbia
摘要：We find that regulators can implement identical rules inconsistently due to differences in their institutional design and incentives, and this behavior may adversely impact the effectiveness with which regulation is implemented. We study supervisory decisions of U.S. banking regulators and exploit a legally determined rotation policy that assigns federal and state supervisors to the same bank at exogenously set time intervals. Comparing federal and state regulator supervisory ratings within th...
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作者：Cavallo, Alberto; Neiman, Brent; Rigobon, Roberto
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Chicago
摘要：We use a novel data set of online prices of identical goods sold by four large global retailers in dozens of countries to study good-level real exchange rates and their aggregated behavior. First, in contrast to the prior literature, we demonstrate that the law of one price holds very well within currency unions for tens of thousands of goods sold by each of the retailers, implying good-level real exchange rates often equal to 1. Prices of these same goods exhibit large deviations from the law...
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作者：Feenstra, Robert C.; Romalis, John
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Sydney
摘要：The unit values of internationally traded goods are heavily influenced by quality. We model this in an extended monopolistic competition framework where, in addition to choosing price, firms simultaneously choose quality subject to nonhomothetic demand. We estimate quality and quality-adjusted price indexes for 185 countries over 1984-2011. Our estimates are less sensitive to assumptions about the extensive margin of firms than are purely demand-side estimates. We find that quality-adjusted pr...
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作者：Hodler, Roland; Raschky, Paul A.
作者单位：University of St Gallen; Monash University
摘要：We complement the literature on distributive politics by taking a systematic look at regional favoritism in a large and diverse sample of countries and by employing a broad measure that captures the aggregate distributive effect of many different policies. In particular, we use satellite data on nighttime light intensity and information about the birthplaces of the countries' political leaders. In our panel of 38,427 subnational regions from 126 countries with yearly observations from 1992 to ...
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作者：Blattman, Christopher; Fiala, Nathan; Martinez, Sebastian
作者单位：Columbia University; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：We study a government program in Uganda designed to help the poor and unemployed become self-employed artisans, increase incomes, and thus promote social stability. Young adults in Uganda's conflict-affected north were invited to form groups and submit grant proposals for vocational training and business start-up. Funding was randomly assigned among screened and eligible groups. Treatment groups received unsupervised grants of $382 per member. Grant recipients invest some in skills training bu...
