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作者：Cengiz, Doruk; Dube, Arindrajit; Lindner, Attila; Zipperer, Ben
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of London; University College London; HUN-REN; HUN-REN Centre for Economic & Regional Studies; Hungarian Academy of Sciences
摘要：We estimate the effect of minimum wages on low-wage jobs using 138 prominent state-level minimum wage changes between 1979 and 2016 in the United States using a difference-in-differences approach. We first estimate the effect of the minimum wage increase on employment changes by wage bins throughout the hourly wage distribution. We then focus on the bottom part of the wage distribution and compare the number of excess jobs paying at or slightly above the new minimum wage to the missing jobs pa...
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作者：Burke, Marshall; Bergquist, Lauren Falcao; Miguel, Edward
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Large and regular seasonal price fluctuations in local grain markets appear to offer African farmers substantial intertemporal arbitrage opportunities, but these opportunities remain largely unexploited. Small-scale farmers are commonly observed to sell low and buy high, rather than the reverse. In a field experiment in Kenya, we show that credit market imperfections limit farmers' abilities to move grain intertemporally. Providing timely access to credit allows farmers to buy at lower prices ...
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作者：Mbiti, Isaac; Muralidharan, Karthik; Romero, Mauricio; Schipper, Youdi; Manda, Constantine; Rajani, Rakesh
作者单位：University of Virginia; University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University
摘要：We present results from a large-scale randomized experiment across 350 schools in Tanzania that studied the impact of providing schools with (i) unconditional grants, (ii) teacher incentives based on student performance, and (iii) both of the above. After two years, we find (i) no impact on student test scores from providing school grants, (ii) some evidence of positive effects from teacher incentives, and (iii) significant positive effects from providing both programs. Most important, we find...
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作者：Finkelstein, Amy; Notowidigdo, Matthew J.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We develop a framework for welfare analysis of interventions designed to increase take-up of social safety net programs in the presence of potential behavioral biases. We calibrate the key parameters using a randomized field experiment in which 30,000 elderly individuals not enrolled in-but likely eligible for-the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) are either provided with information that they are likely eligible, provided with this information and offered assistance in applying...
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作者：Costinot, Arnaud; Donaldson, Dave; Kyle, Margaret; Williams, Heidi
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; Universite PSL; MINES ParisTech; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：The home-market effect, first hypothesized by Linder (1961) and later formalized by Krugman (1980), is the idea that countries with larger demand for some products at home tend to have larger sales of the same products abroad. In this article, we develop a simple test of the home-market effect using detailed drug sales data from the global pharmaceutical industry. The core of our empirical strategy is the observation that a country's exogenous demographic composition can be used as a predictor...
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作者：Chen, Ting; Kung, James Kai-Sing
作者单位：Hong Kong Baptist University; University of Hong Kong
摘要：Using data on over a million land transactions during 2004-2016 where local governments are the sole seller, we find that firms linked to members of China's supreme political elites-the Politburo-obtained a price discount ranging from 55.4% to 59.9% compared with those without the same connections. These firms also purchased slightly more land. In return, the provincial party secretaries who provided the discount to these princeling firms are 23.4% more likely to be promoted to positions of na...
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作者：Song, Jae; Price, David J.; Guvenen, Fatih; Bloom, Nicholas; Von Wachter, Till
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Federal Reserve System - USA; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; Stanford University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：We use a massive, matched employer-employee database for the United States to analyze the contribution of firms to the rise in earnings inequality from 1978 to 2013. We find that one-third of the rise in the variance of (log) earnings occurred within firms, whereas two-thirds of the rise occurred due to a rise in the dispersion of average earnings between firms. However, this rising between-firm variance is not accounted for by the firms themselves but by a widening gap between firms in the co...
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作者：DellaVigna, Stefano; Gentzkow, Matthew
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University
摘要：We show that most U.S. food, drugstore, and mass-merchandise chains charge nearly uniform prices across stores, despite wide variation in consumer demographics and competition. Demand estimates reveal substantial within-chain variation in price elasticities and suggest that the median chain sacrifices $16 million of annual profit relative to a benchmark of optimal prices. In contrast, differences in average prices between chains are broadly consistent with the optimal benchmark. We discuss a r...
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作者：Jaravel, Xavier
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This article examines how product innovations led to inflation inequality in the United States from 2004 to 2015. Using scanner data from the retail sector, I find that annual inflation for retail products was 0.661 (std. err. 0.0535) percentage points higher for the bottom income quintile relative to the top income quintile. When including changes in product variety over time, this difference increases to 0.8846 (std. err. 0.0739) percentage points a year. In CEX-CPI data covering the full co...
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作者：Alan, Sule; Boneva, Teodora; Ertac, Seda
作者单位：University of Essex; Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University; University of Oxford; Koc University
摘要：We show that grit, a skill that has been shown to be highly predictive of achievement, is malleable in childhood and can be fostered in the classroom environment. We evaluate a randomized educational intervention implemented in two independent elementary school samples. Outcomes are measured via a novel incentivized real-effort task and performance in standardized tests. We find that treated students are more likely to exert effort to accumulate task-specific ability and hence more likely to s...
