-
作者：Autor, David; Dorn, David; Katz, Lawrence F.; Patterson, Christina; Van Reenen, John
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Zurich; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Harvard University; University of Chicago; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：The fall of labor's share of GDP in the United States and many other countries in recent decades is well documented but its causes remain uncertain. Existing empirical assessments typically rely on industry or macro data, obscuring heterogeneity among firms. In this article, we analyze micro panel data from the U.S. Economic Census since 1982 and document empirical patterns to assess a new interpretation of the fall in the labor share based on the rise of superstar firms. If globalization or t...
-
作者：Chetty, Raj; Hendren, Nathaniel; Jones, Maggie R.; Porter, Sonya R.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study the sources of racial disparities in income using anonymized longitudinal data covering nearly the entire U.S. population from 1989 to 2015. We document three results. First, black Americans and American Indians have much lower rates of upward mobility and higher rates of downward mobility than whites, leading to persistent disparities across generations. Conditional on parent income, the black-white income gap is driven by differences in wages and employment rates between black and w...
-
作者：Koijen, Ralph S. J.; Van Nieuwerburgh, Stijn
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Columbia University
摘要：We estimate the benefit of life-extending medical treatments to life insurance companies. Our main insight is that life insurance companies have a direct benefit from such treatments because they lower the insurer's liabilities by pushing the death benefit further into the future and raising future premium income. We apply this insight to immunotherapy, treatments associated with durable gains in survival rates for a growing number of cancer patients. We estimate that the life insurance sector...
-
作者：Bazzi, Samuel; Koehler-Derrick, Gabriel; Marx, Benjamin
作者单位：Boston University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po)
摘要：This article explores the foundations of religious influence in politics and society. We show that an important Islamic institution fostered the entrenchment of Islamism at a critical juncture in Indonesia, the world's largest Muslim country. In the early 1960s, rural elites transferred large amounts of land into waqf-inalienable charitable trusts in Islamic law-to avoid expropriation by the state. Regions facing a greater threat of expropriation exhibit more prevalent waqf land and Islamic in...
-
作者：De Loecker, Jan; Eeckhout, Jan; Unger, Gabriel
作者单位：KU Leuven; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; ICREA; Pompeu Fabra University; Harvard University
摘要：We document the evolution of market power based on firm-level data for the U.S. economy since 1955. We measure both markups and profitability. In 1980, aggregate markups start to rise from 21% above marginal cost to 61% now. The increase is driven mainly by the upper tail of the markup distribution: the upper percentiles have increased sharply. Quite strikingly, the median is unchanged. In addition to the fattening upper tail of the markup distribution, there is reallocation of market share fr...
-
作者：Koszegi, Botond; Matejka, Filip
作者单位：Central European University; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences
摘要：We develop a theory of how an agent makes basic multiproduct consumption decisions in the presence of taste, consumption opportunity, and price shocks that are costly to attend to. We establish that the agent often simplifies her choices by restricting attention to a few important considerations, which depend on the decision at hand and affect her consumption patterns in specific ways. If the agent's problem is to choose the consumption levels of many goods with different degrees of substituta...
-
作者：Fajgelbaum, Pablo D.; Gaubert, Cecile
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We study optimal spatial policies in a quantitative trade and geography framework with spillovers and spatial sorting of heterogeneous workers. We characterize the spatial transfers that must hold in efficient allocations, as well as labor subsidies that can implement them. There exists scope for welfare-enhancing spatial policies even when spillovers are common across locations. Using data on U.S. cities and existing estimates of the spillover elasticities, we find that the U.S. economy would...
-
作者：Ashraf, Nava; Bau, Natalie; Low, Corinne; Mcginn, Kathleen
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); University of Pennsylvania; Harvard University
摘要：Using a randomized controlled trial, we study whether a negotiation skills training can improve girls' educational outcomes in a low-resource environment. We find that a negotiation training given to eighth-grade Zambian girls significantly improved educational outcomes over the next three years, and these effects did not fade out. To better understand mechanisms, we estimate the effects of two alternative treatments. Negotiation had much stronger effects than an informational treatment, which...
-
作者：Chandra, Amitabh; Staiger, Douglas O.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Dartmouth College
摘要：In medicine, the reasons for variation in treatment rates across hospitals serving similar patients are not well understood. Some interpret this variation as unwarranted and push standardization of care as a way of reducing allocative inefficiency. An alternative interpretation is that hospitals with greater expertise in a treatment use it more because of their comparative advantage, suggesting that standardization is misguided. A simple economic model provides an empirical framework to separa...
-
作者：Bustos, Paula; Garber, Gabriel; Ponticelli, Jacopo
作者单位：Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Central Bank of Brazil; Northwestern University
摘要：Several scholars argue that high agricultural productivity can retard industrial development because it draws resources toward the comparative advantage sector, agriculture. However, agricultural productivity growth can increase savings and the supply of capital, generating an expansion of the capital-intensive sector, manufacturing. We highlight this mechanism in a simple model and test its predictions in the context of a large and exogenous increase in agricultural productivity due to the ad...
