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作者：Buggle, Johannes; Mayer, Thierry; Sakalli, Seyhun Orcan; Thoenig, Mathias
作者单位：University of Vienna; Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); University of London; King's College London; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Lausanne; International Institute for Management Development (IMD); University of Oxford
摘要：We estimate the push and pull factors involved in the outmigration of Jews facing persecution in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1941. Our empirical investigation makes use of a unique individual-level data set that records the migration history of the Jewish community in Germany over the period. Our analysis highlights new channels, specific to violent contexts, through which social networks affect the decision to flee. We estimate a structural model of migration where individuals base their migrat...
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作者：Guarnieri, Eleonora; Tur-Prats, Ana
作者单位：University of Exeter; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of California System; University of California Merced
摘要：This article examines the relationship between ethnic-based gender norms and conflict-related sexual violence. We generate a novel dyadic data set that contains information on the ethnic identity of all the actors involved in ethnic civil conflicts around the world between 1989 and 2019 and their use of sexual violence. We exploit ethnographic information to construct a new male dominance index at the ethnicity level that captures deep-rooted gender norms. First, we find that male-dominant arm...
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作者：Bowen, T. Renee; Dmitriev, Danil; Galperti, Simone
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study learning via shared news. Each period agents receive the same quantity and quality of firsthand information and can share it with friends. Some friends (possibly few) share selectively, generating heterogeneous news diets across agents. Agents are aware of selective sharing and update beliefs by Bayes's rule. Contrary to standard learning results, we show that beliefs can diverge in this environment, leading to polarization. This requires that (i) agents hold misperceptions (even mino...
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作者：Fernandez-Villaverde, Jesus; Koyama, Mark; Lin, Youhong; Sng, Tuan-Hwee
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; George Mason University; Xiamen University; National University of Singapore
摘要：Patterns of state formation have crucial implications for comparative economic development. Diamond (1997) famously argued that fractured land was responsible for China's tendency toward political unification and Europe's protracted polycentrism. We build a dynamic model with granular geographical information in terms of topographical features and the location of productive agricultural land to quantitatively gauge the effects of fractured land on state formation in Eurasia. We find that topog...
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作者：Bai, Ying; Jia, Ruixue; Yang, Jiaojiao
作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong; University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Scholars have argued that powerful individuals can exert influence on the path of a nation's development. Yet the process through which people can have an effect on macro-level political economy outcomes remains unclear. This study uses the deadliest civil war in modern history, the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864), to elucidate how one person-Zeng Guofan-used his personal elite networks to organize an army to suppress the rebellion, and how these networks would affect the nation's power distribu...
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作者：Christensen, Peter; Timmins, Christopher
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; Duke University
摘要：By constraining an individual's choice during a search, housing discrimination distorts sorting decisions away from true preferences and results in a ceteris paribus reduction in welfare. This study combines a large-scale field experiment with a residential sorting model to derive utility-theoretic measures of renter welfare loss associated with the constraints imposed by discrimination in the rental housing market. Results from experiments conducted in five cities show that key neighborhood a...
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作者：Cajal-Grossi, Julia; Macchiavello, Rocco; Noguera, Guillermo
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Yale University
摘要：We study differences in markups earned by Bangladeshi garment exporters across buyers with different sourcing strategies and make three contributions. First, we distinguish buyers with a relational versus a spot sourcing strategy and show that a buyer's sourcing strategy is correlated across products and origins. Buyer fixed effects explain most of the variation in sourcing strategies, suggesting that these depend on organizational capabilities. Second, we use novel data that match quantities ...
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作者：Le Pennec, Caroline; Pons, Vincent
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：We use two-round survey data from 62 elections in 10 countries since 1952 to study the formation of vote choice, beliefs, and policy preferences and assess how televised debates contribute to this process. Our data include 253,000 observations. We compare the consistency between vote intention and vote choice of respondents surveyed at different points before, and then again after, the election, and show that 17% to 29% of voters make up their mind during the final two months of campaigns. Cha...
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作者：Bursztyn, Leonardo; Egorov, Georgy; Haaland, Ingar; Rao, Aakaash; Roth, Christopher
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Northwestern University; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Harvard University; University of Cologne; Max Planck Society; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Dissent plays an important role in any society, but dissenters are often silenced through social sanctions. Beyond their persuasive effects, rationales providing arguments supporting dissenters' causes can increase the public expression of dissent by providing a social cover for voicing otherwise stigmatized positions. Motivated by a simple theoretical framework, we experimentally show that liberals are more willing to post a tweet opposing the movement to defund the police, are seen as less p...
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作者：Adda, Jerome; Ottaviani, Marco
作者单位：Bocconi University
摘要：The article develops a model of nonmarket allocation of resources such as the awarding of grants to meritorious projects, honors to outstanding students, or journal slots to quality publications. On the supply side, the available budget of grants is awarded to applicants who are evaluated most favorably according to the noisy information available to reviewers. On the demand side, stronger candidates are more likely to obtain grants and thus self-select into applying, given that applications a...
