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作者：Acemoglu, Daron; Fergusson, Leopoldo; Johnson, Simon
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
摘要：Medical innovations during the 1940s quickly resulted in significant health improvements around the world. Countries with initially higher mortality from infectious diseases experienced larger increases in life expectancy, population, and subsequent social conflict. This cross-country result is robust across alternative measures of conflict and is not driven by differential trends between countries with varying baseline characteristics. A similar effect is also present within Mexico. Initial s...
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作者：Barahona, Nano; Gallego, Francisco A.; Montero, Juan-Pablo
作者单位：Stanford University; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：Local air pollution has led authorities in many cities around the world to impose limits on car use by means of driving restrictions or license-plate bans. By placing uniform restrictions on all cars, many of these programs have created incentives for drivers to buy additional, more polluting cars. We study vintage-specific restrictions, which place heavy limits on older, polluting vehicles and no limits on newer, cleaner ones. We use a novel model of the car market and results from Santiago's...
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作者：Cocco, Joao F.; Lopes, Paula
作者单位：University of London; London Business School; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Tilburg University
摘要：We study the role of housing wealth in financing retirement consumption. In our model retirees: 1. derive utility benefits from remaining in their home (aging in place); and 2. choose in each period whether to maintain their house. The evidence that we present shows that these features are important in explaining the saving decisions of the elderly. The costs and the maintenance requirement of reverse mortgages (RMs) reduce (or eliminate) the benefits of the loans for retirees who wish to do l...
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作者：Ehlers, Lars; Morrill, Thayer
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; North Carolina State University
摘要：In public school choice, students with strict preferences are assigned to schools. Schools are endowed with priorities over students. Incorporating constraints from different applications, priorities are often modelled as choice functions over sets of students. It has been argued that the most desirable criterion for an assignment is stability; there should not exist any blocking pair: no student shall prefer some school to her assigned school and have higher priority than some student who got...
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作者：Buchheim, Lukas; Ulbricht, Robert
作者单位：University of Munich; Boston College
摘要：We develop a quantitative theory of repeated political transitions driven by revolts and reforms. In the model, the beliefs of disenfranchised citizens play a key role in determining revolutionary pressure, which in interaction with preemptive reforms determine regime dynamics. We study the quantitative implications of the model by fitting it to data on the universe of political regimes existing between 1946 and 2010. The estimated model generates a process of political transitions that looks ...
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作者：Zacchia, Paolo
作者单位：Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Charles University Prague
摘要：In this article, I directly test the hypothesis that interactions between inventors of different firms drive knowledge spillovers. I construct a network of publicly traded companies in which each link is a function of the relative proportion of two firms' inventors who have former patent collaborators in both organizations. I use this measure to weigh the impact of R&D performed by each firm on the productivity and innovation outcomes of its network linkages. An empirical concern is that the r...
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作者：Amador, Manuel; Bianchi, Javier; Bocola, Luigi; Perri, Fabrizio
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：We study the problem of a monetary authority pursuing an exchange rate policy that is inconsistent with interest rate parity because of a binding zero lower bound constraint. The resulting violation in interest rate parity generates an inflow of capital that the monetary authority needs to absorb by accumulating foreign reserves. We show that these interventions by the monetary authority are costly, and we derive a simple measure of these costs: they are proportional to deviations from the cov...
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作者：Gourieroux, Christian; Monfort, Alain; Renne, Jean-Paul
作者单位：University of Toronto; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; European Central Bank; Bank of France; University of Lausanne
摘要：The basic assumption of a structural vector autoregressive moving average (SVARMA) model is that it is driven by a white noise whose components are uncorrelated or independent and can be interpreted as economic shocks, called structural shocks. When the errors are Gaussian, independence is equivalent to non-correlation and these models face two identification issues. The first identification problem is static and is due to the fact that there is an infinite number of linear transformations of ...
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作者：Burdett, Kenneth; Carrillo-Tudela, Carlos; Coles, Melvyn
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Essex
摘要：This article identifies an equilibrium theory of wage formation and endogenous quit turnover in a labour market with on-the-job search, where risk averse workers accumulate human capital through learning-by-doing and lose skills while unemployed. Optimal contracting implies the wage paid increases with experience and tenure. Indirect inference using German data determines the deep parameters of the model. The estimated model not only reproduces the large and persistent fall in wages and earnin...
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作者：Sadoff, Sally; Samek, Anya; Sprenger, Charles
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Southern California
摘要：We conduct field experiments to investigate dynamic inconsistency and commitment demand in food choice. In two home grocery delivery programs, we document substantial dynamic inconsistency between advance and immediate choices. When given the option to commit to their advance choices, around half of subjects take it up. Commitment demand is negatively correlated with dynamic inconsistency, suggesting those with larger self-control problems are less likely to be aware thereof. We evaluate the w...
